Őntaz (Un-TAZ)
The dialect of its mother tongue Őntazra, spoken by the Afespí. The Lingua Franca of Namiend during the war of the Rot
Writing System
The alphabet, named "ddithí" is the first consonant, then the first vowel, then the second consonant, then the second vowel put together. The script is read from top to bottom, right to left.
Phonology
Dd /ð/ = That
Th /θ/ = Thing
Sh /ʃ/ = Ship
Ch /ʧ/ = Chip
Kh /χ/ = Khune (Persian)
Çh /x/ = Αρχτεκτον (Greek)
Zh /ʒ/ = Je (French)
Ll /ɬ/ = Llan (Welsh)
Ng /ŋ/ = Among
V /v/ - Vick
Y /j/ - Yellow
J /ʤ/ - Jonah
R /ɾ/ - Rojo (Spanish)
S /s/ - Stupid
Z /z/ - Zuckerburg
F /f/ - First
G /g/ - Great
B /b/ - Bound
T /t/ - Timber
D /d/ - Dead
M /m/ - Marsupial
N /n/ - Nimble
L /l/ - Left
K /k/ - Kick
I /ɪ/ - Indigo
Í /i/ - Eve
E /e/ - Eliot
Ae /eɪ̯/ - Ancient
A /æ/ - Apparel
Ő /ʌ/ - Under
W /u:/ - Ooh
Ō /ɔ/ - Octogon
Morphology
Nouns to Descriptive Adjectives: Replace ending to "-ak"
Daenső - Daensak
Letter - Letter-like
Nouns to Relational Adjectives: - Add "-ech"
Then - Thenech
Brain - Related to the Brain
Nouns to Agentive Verbs: Add "E-" onto the beginning of the word, and if it starts with a vowel you put "Esh-".
Thekōs - Ethekōs
Writer - Writing
Nouns to Iterative Verbs: Replace ending with "-d"
Gesh - Ged
Food - To eat
Nouns to Resultative Verbs: add "-ten" or "-en"
Bid - Biden
Foot - To (take a) step
Nouns to Nominalization Verbs: add "-ka" or "-eka"
Nerdí - Nerdíka
Companion - Companionship
Nouns to Causative Verbs: add "-iwí" or "-wí"
Krpnōs - Krpnōsiwí
Blue - To make something blue
Nouns to Adverbs: Add either "-the" or "-ethe" and for certain words, "-gw"
Kwper - Kwpergw
Beautiful - Beautifully
Nouns to Diminutive Nouns: Add a work at the end, in this case "Wíka" meaning "little."
Aríya - Aríya-wíka
Friend - Little Friend
Nouns to Augmentive Nouns: Replace the ending with "-shen"
Hengís - Hengíshen
Fire - Blaze
Adjective to Verb: add "-ywf"
Ngekh - Ngekhywf
Old - To age
Adjective to Collective Noun: add "-ídd" or "-kídd"
Veng - Vengídd
Big - Large Thing
Adjective to Causative Noun: add "-íddí" or "-kíddí"
Chemaz - Chemzíddí
Small - To make smaller
Adjective to Relational Nouns: add "-ke" to end, or "-eke," then "chas" after the word in question
Íla'ae - Íla'aeke chas
Sad - Sad People
Adjective to Comparative Adjective: Add "-eren" or "-cheren"
Veng - Vengeren
Big - Bigger
Adjective to Superlative Adjective: add "-tar"
Azíz - Azíztar
Dear - Dearest
Adjective to Diminutive Adjective: add "-aran" or "-charan"
Chemaz - Chemazaran
Small - Smaller
Verb to Adjective: replace ending with "-haa"
Ōkalímaa - Ōkalíhaa
Ōkalía Empire - Ōkalían Citizen
Verb to Adverb: add "-'ōn" or "-őn"
Feng - Fengőn
To sing - singing
Verb to Gerund Noun: add "-lí"
Íre - Írelí
Go - Going
Verb to Agentive Noun: replace ending with "-kōn" or add "-kleke"
Thekin - Thekōn
To Write - Writer
Verb to Resultative Noun: add "-ge" and change the vowels to be 'long vowels'
Thekin - Thekínge
To write - Writing
Verb to Infinitive Noun: add the word "kínegō" after the word.
Ddeme - Ddeme kínegō
To speak - Speaking
Syntax
Őntaz is an SVO language, meaning the subject is first, then the verb, then the object.
Noun Pluralization: Nouns have three numbers, Singular, Plural, and Dual
- Singular: remains unchanged.
- Plural: has two endings, “-íōn” and “-shōn” used when the word either ends in a consonant or vowel.
- Dual ending, “-e”, is only used during natural pairs.
Vocabulary
You M. S. - Te
You F. S. - Vyō
You M. P. - Tő
You F. P. - Vye
You F & M - Sín
You NH. S. - Tō’í
You NH. P. - Tí’ō
You IN. S. - Őnt
You IN. P. - Őye
We (Animal) - Ví
We (Inanimate) - Ve
I/Me - Çhō
He - Temőt
She - Tehan
It (Animal) - Teta
It (Inanimate) - Tate
They (Animal) - Teta
They (Inanimate) - Tate
Tenses
Present Simple - Verfed - To march. Nothing changes.
Çhō verfed - I march
Te/Vyō/ --Tō’í/Őnt (not often used)-- verfed - You march (male and female most commonly used)
Temőt/Tehan/Teta/Tate verfed - He/She/It marched
Ví/Ve verfed - We marched
Tő/Vye/Tí’ō --Őye (not often used)-- verfed - Y'all marched (Nonhuman often used if the group is mixed with males and females)
Teta/Tate verfed - They marched (Teta is used for animals, while tate is used for inanimate objects)
Present Continuous - Shte = To stand. Add the "thōs" then use the respective pronoun of whom you are referring to, I.E
Çhō thōn shte - I am standing right now.
Present Perfect Continuous - Ddeme = to Speak. Add "jwsh" following the pronoun.
Çhō jwsh ddem - I have been playing
Present Perfect - Mereth = To Spread. Add or replace the ending with "-íis" following the pronoun.
Çhō Meríis - I have spread.
Past Simple - Wíltze = To Dance. Add the ending with "-wae" following the pronoun.
Çhō Wíltzewae - I danced
Past Continuous - Shekwen = To Say. Add "tha" following the pronoun.
Çhō Tha Shekwen - I was saying
Past Perfect Continuous - Bwae = To Swim. Add "kō"
Çhō kō bwae - I had been swimming
Past Perfect - Símíōt = To Kill. Add or replace the ending with "-íwlōr"
Çhō símíōtíwlōr - I had already killed
Future Simple - Fedwōs = To Run. Add to the beginning "She"
She çhō fedwōs - I will run
Future Continuous - Vehe = To Talk. Add "ōr"
Çhōfōr vehe - I will be talking
Future Perfect Continuous - Klew = To Listen. Add to the beginning "E"
E hō klew - I will have been listening
Future Perfect - Fwgōr = To Finish. Add or replace with "-íye"
Çhō fwgōríye - I will have finished
Sentence Structure
Őntaz is an SVO language, meaning the subject is first, then the verb, and finally the object.
Adjectives always go after the noun.
Adverbs have a single form that never changes.
Lack of simple verb for the imperfective "have" process, with possession conveyed by a composite structure, usually BE + preposition, the example is the same as it is in Őntaz. Welsh: "Mae cath gyda fi"
- English "I have a cat" literally "a cat is with me"
Genitive: There is no ending to Genitive, instead a preposition, “nō” which is put at the beginning of the sentence. Follows the described word - Nō çheks Khinmaa, or The king of the Kingdom of the Cin.
Accusative: Always paired with a dative. Comes before the dative. Accusative is broken up into two words. Example: Geçh ame őn = To give hope to the men. Geçh ame were both Accusative. The accusative always goes before the dative
Dative: Always paired with an accusative. Comes after the accusative. Example: Geçh ame őn, or To give hope to the men, őn is the dative.
Locative: Expressed by prepositions before the location but after the subject Example “Zení bō Ōkalímaa” or - Zení from Ōkalía. “Bō” is the preposition.
Sociative: Expressed by prepositions after the noun, connected with a dash. Example “Zenín-sasen” or “With Zení” Notice, that you add an ending to the word before, either “-n” if it ends with a vowel, or “-í” if it ends with a consonant.
Possessed: Uses “khe” to denote possession. Add a preposition after the possessed noun, but before whomever possesses it. For example “Dwrō khe zō* Ssaellen” or The dog is owned by Ssaellen. *“Zō,” meaning “by” does not have to be added, and is only added to create emphasis.
Adjective Order
Adjectives: Agrees with Noun in number
Adjectives have two endings for pluralization, “-s” and “-llae”
- “-s” is usually used for words that end in consonants and the vowels “í” and “e”
- “-llí” is usually used for words that end in vowels that aren’t “í” or “e”
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