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Earth's Neolithic Cultural Horizon

Written by Janudz

From communications with the Indus Valley Civilization, and through the Fertile Crescent, Late Neolithic culture had spread all around the Mediterranean, across Central Europe, up into the British Isles, as well as to Eastern Asia.

Geography

Their settlements sited near hillsides at the base of mountain ranges, in originally dry ranges above spring's green fields of river valleys; here they collectively maintained year-round agriculture with reseviors, canals, and cisterns placed above their seasonally flooded fields and family ponds.
Alternative Name(s)
Chthonic cultural horizon
Type
Planet
Location under
Included Locations

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Stone Age

Glaciers melted in Europe, and paleolithic hunter-gatherers with Neanderthal ancestry survived migrating north again, as the land was reexposed. (This was 9 millennia before the time of the Roman empire.)

  • -6699 BCE

    300 BCE


    Neolithic Cultures' Spread
    Population Migration / Travel

    Earth's Neolithic Cultural-Horizon spread from South Asia and Mesopotamia, onward in all directions, by sea and land.  They mixed with hunter-gatherers a little, but these were agriculturalists, growing grain with sophisticated water-works, and networks of round mounded-settlements. Their ancestors had been in southern Eurasia before and during the ice-age.

  • -3799 BCE

    -299 BCE


    Neolithic settlements the size of cities
    Life, Organisation Association

    Neolithic people built round cities in eastern Europe, with circular avenues, neighborhood buildings, and open centers. For example, in Talianki in Eastern Europe, the Cucuteni–Trypillia Culture lived in such a Round City from roughly 3600 BCE.
      Neolithic people built mounded cities in the Near East, for example Catalhuyuk was lived in between 7100 BCE and 5700 BCE.

  • -1699 BCE

    301 BCE


    Donkey Domestication

    Neolithic peoples domesticated donkeys. The oldest known evidence of domesticated donkeys is in East Africa, over 7,000 years ago. This was 2,500 years before domesticated horses in the Western Steppe lands of Eurasia.

  • -299 BCE

    301 BCE


    Water Buffalo Domestication

    Two thousand years before Indo-Europeans arrived, Neolithic people domesticated the river-type water buffalo in western South Asia (which includes the Indus Valley region). From there, they brought it west as far as Egypt, southern Europe, the Levant, and the Mediterranean regions.

  • -199 BCE

    301 BCE


    Horses Domesticated

    Western Steppe Herders (WSH) wielded technologies of wheeled carts and horses, to spread out in explosively fast migrations. These were the spreaders of Proto-Indo-European languages.
      Their ancestry was Eastern (Asian) Hunter-Gatherer, Western (European) Hunter-Gatherer, and Ancient North-Eurasian megafauna hunters.

Bronze Age

3300 BCE 1177 BCE

  • 3000 BCE

    1600 BCE


    Stone Henge Construction

    Before the Bronze Age culture reaches the Atlantic Ocean, Neolithic people build structures like Stone Henge, on the western-island fringes of European lands.  Other stone circles are constructed all over Europe from roughly 5000 BCD to -2500 BCE.

  • 2900 BCE

    2494 BCE


    Great Pyramid Construction & Gilgamesh

    Gilgamesh was a mythic ruler of Uruk, around 2900 BCE to 2700 BCE. His story is the story of how Enkidu (horse, chariot, and bronze-weapon wielding wild-men) bring their military might to leadership of old-neolithic agricultural cities of the Middle East.
      The great Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, and others were built during Egypts 4th Dynasty which reigned 2613 BCE to 2494 BCE. Pryamid design was based on mastabas, and earlier Neolithic mounds over deep vertical pits.
     

  • 1500 BCE

    1177 BCE


    Proto-Indo-Europeans In South Asia
    Expedition

    Proto Indo-Europeans, with Western Steppe Herder ancestry, bring Vedic traditions to South Asia.

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