Bonaparte

During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon had placed his brother, Louis, as the king of the newly created Kingdom of Holland following the dissolution of the Dutch Republic. However, Louis turned out to be more of an effectual leader than a puppet as Napoleon had wished. Further more, Louis was convinced by King Augustus II to side with the coalition against Napoleon. The following Battle of Antwerp solidified Louis' position among the Dutch, and helped secure his place during the Concert of Europe.

The friendship between the wives of Louis and Augustus helped in securing a marriage between their children, Prince Louis and Princess Hortensia in 1823. Hortensia threw herself into the social politics of her adopted country, and even opened a school for girls in 1836. She and Grand Duke Charles-Louis were inspired by some of the works of Saint-Simon, utilizing what they believed were tools to help the working class. They went as far as inviting Karl Marx to meet the Royal Court, and implemented some of his ideas into the Dutch African Colonial Empire as an experiment in 1847.

During the reign of Louis III, tensions between Holland and Great Britain over the colonial holdings within South Africa reached a boiling point. Great Britain had attempted to filibuster Holland's diamond mines, to which Holland declared war. Surprising the Great Powers of Europe, Holland won the South African War in 1881, securing their holdings. These territories were further expanded in the Berlin Conference.

The downfall of the House of Bonaparte and the Kingdom of Holland began with the start of the Great War in 1915. Holland sent the bulk of their army to France against Occitania, occupying Paris as a forward command. During the war, France utilized the help of Vladimir Lenin from his exile in Switzerland. Lenin's teachings disillusioned and the Occitan and Dutch forces, causing many to desert and mutiny. Back in Amsterdam, communist and like minded forces caused a coup, overthrowing the monarchy. King Louis IV fled into exile in Germany in 1920.