Tuusraen
Natively known as:
tuusrae /ʈɔu̯ˈʂɶ/
Spoken in the island chains of the southern oceans of Halik Nation. Many are explorers and voyagers across the oceans of Elivera, and their vowel heavy language is reminiscent of the sounds of their animal companions, many of which are either the Dolasoi or one of the bird species that inhabit the southern oceans.
Grammar
The sentences are constructed in phases -- Subject phase (also known as subject clause) always ends with the appropriate noun/adjective particle and will match the tone (active or passive) of the verb's particle. The verb's particle is always placed after the verb and is known as the verb phase. The Object Phase that is sandwiched between Subject and Verb Phases is where postposition clauses are often placed. The Object phase also ends with a particle that matches the tone of the Verb. Sentence word order: Subject-Direct object-Indirect obejct-Verb. “She gave the dog a bone” turns into She a bone the dog gave.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Particles
There are no conjugation, as identifiers for various parts of the language use particles.Verbs
Verbs do not conjugate. the particle is placed at the end of the verb to denote its tense and active/passive tone. Indicators for mood and aspect are derived from context of the sentence.
Past | xů /ɰɔ/ |
Present | en /əɳ/ |
Future | voi /vɔɪ̯/ |
Active | sa /sɐ/ |
Passive | eim /əɪ̯ɱ/ |
Particles denote the type of noun class and if it is an action of a passive act. These particles are placed between the noun and any adjectives, otherwise it's placed after the noun (or end of noun clause). Adverbs have no particle and are always placed before the verb.
Nominative | nõn /ɳoːɳ/ (subject) |
Accusative | oin /ɔɪ̯ɳ/ (object) |
Genitive | dherr /ðəɽr/ (possessive) |
Dative | vu /vu/ (time) |
Locative | rei /ɻəɪ̯/ (location) |
Instrumental | dhũ /ðuː/ (specific attributes) |
Active | o̊d /øɖ/ |
Passive | ni /ɳɪ/ |
1st person | i /ɪ/ I, me, mine, we, us, ours |
1st neutral | rae /ɻɶ/ I, me, mine, we, us, ours |
2nd person | e /ə/ you, you all, yours, yours (pl) |
2nd neutral | o̊x /øɰ/ you, you all, yours, yours (pl) |
3rd person | rrur /ɽruɻ/ he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, theirs |
3rd neutral | e̊s /œ/ he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, theirs |
Numbers
Tuusraen has a base-20 number system: 1 - hår2 - aeheisr
3 - se̊naer
4 - dhousůrr
5 - varr
6 - vhe̊o̊vh
7 - ůrrzy
8 - soiois
9 - doeoeh
10 - no̊no
11 - õdhoi
12 - daedår
13 - ũsdaen
14 - rroeny
15 - dho̊my
16 - mo̊y
17 - hoirrvhůr
18 - ve̊
19 - vhoivhe̊
20 - mene̊
400 - nou
8000 - ne̊r
Writing System
The writing system evolved from carving notches in wood or stone. Each letter and diphong has its own mark, often a cluster of overlapping lines or circles. From these notches, the syllabary developed, and it has a flowing, watery style to the lines. Each character has a specific order to which line or circle is drawn first and last.
Geographical Distribution
Across the southern oceans of Elivera.
Phonology
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: r s v ð ɖ ɦ ɰ ɱ ɳ ɻ ɽ ʂ ʈ ʋ ʐ↓Manner/Place→ | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | ɱ | ɳ | ||||
Stop | ʈ ɖ | |||||
Fricative | v | ð | s | ʐ ʂ | ɦ | |
Approximant | ʋ | ɻ | ɰ | |||
Tap | ɽ | |||||
Trill | r |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | y | u uː | |
Near-high | ɪ | ||
High-mid | ø | o oː | |
Mid | ə | ||
Low-mid | œ | ɔ | |
Near-low | ɐ | ||
Low | ɶ | ɒ |
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ð | dh |
ɖ | d |
ɔu̯ | uu |
ou̯ | ou |
uː | ũ |
oː | õ |
əɪ̯ | ei |
ɔɪ̯ | oi |
ɔə̯ | oe |
u | u |
ɦ | h |
o | o |
ɱ | m |
ɐ | a |
ɳ | n |
ɒ | å |
ə | e |
ɻ | r |
ɪ | i |
ɽr | rr |
s | s |
ʂ | sr |
ʈ | t |
ɰ | x |
œy̯ | e̊y |
øy̯ | o̊y |
ɶ | ae |
ɔ | ů |
œ | e̊ |
v | v |
ʋ | vh |
ø | o̊ |
y | y |
ʐ | z |
Illegal combinations: ɱʐ, ɳʐ, ɱɳ, ɳɱ, ɱʈ, ʈɱ, ðv, ʋv, vʋ, ʋð, vð, ðʋ, ʋɱ, ɱð, ðɳ, ðʐ, ɻɽr, ɻɻ, ɽrɻ, ɽrɽr
Morphology
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix vɶ-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɦ
Else: Suffix -o
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -u
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʐo-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɽr
Else: Suffix -y
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɽr
Else: Suffix -œ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ɐ
Tending to = Prefix sɔ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ɳø-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ðɶ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɽrɒ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɳ
Else: Suffix -o
Diminutive = Suffix -øɰ
Augmentative = Prefix ðə-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix ʋə-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɽr
Else: Suffix -y
Syntax
- Syllable structure: C = ɻ ɽr s ɳ ʐ ð v ʋ ɦ ʂ ɱ ʈ ɖ ɰ
L = ʈ ɻ ɽr ɳ ʐ
V = y ø œ ɶ ɐ ə u o ɔ ɒ ɪ
W = ɔɪ̯ əɪ̯ ɔu̯ œy̯ oː uː ɔə̯ øy̯ ou̯
S = CV CVL VC
T = CW CWL WC - Word Patterns: S, T, SS, ST, TS, TT
article = S, V
particle = S, T
pronoun = S, VS
determiner = S - Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
- Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
- Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
- Adposition: postpositions
Example
English: Mary opened a door with her key.Tuusrae: maru nõn e̊h oin xar rrur urrnoize̊ o̊d se̊t xů.
Pronunciation: / ɱɐɻu ɳoːɳ œɦ ɔɪ̯ɳ ɰɐɻ ɽruɻ uɽrɳɔɪ̯ˈʐœ øɖ sœʈ ɰɔ ./
Gloss:
maru nõn e̊h oin xar rrur urrnoize̊ o̊d xoimoi xů .
Mary NOM door ACC with her key ACT open PST .
- ACT = Active
- NOM = Nominative Class
- PART = Particle
- INS = Instrumental Class
- LOC = Locative Class
- PST = Past
- PRS = Present
- FUT = Future
- DAT = Dative Class
- ACC = Accusative Class
- GEN = Genitive Class
- PASS = Passive
Structural Markers
Particles are used to signify parts of sentences, but also exist to signify if a sentence is a question, imperative, or statement.
These markers are placed at the end of the sentence, which is then pitched upward for a question or down for an imperative. No markers are used for statements.
Type of Sentence | Marker |
---|---|
Statement | |
Imperative | to̊y [ ʈøy̯ ] |
Question | tuu [ ʈɔu̯ ] |
Dictionary
Common Phrases
Sõsre̊ o̊d mute̊yvh vhe̊troet.
Pronunciation: /soːˈʂœ øɖ ɱuˈʈœy̯ʋ ʋœʈˈɻɔə̯ʈ/
Meaning: It's time to go.
Aesmoe nõn tõ e õsůx oin rit en.
Pronunciation: /ɶsˈɱɔə̯ ɳoːɳ ʈoː ə oːˈsɔɰ ɔɪ̯ɳ ɻɪʈ əɳ/
Meaning: May the wind blow in your favor.
Common Unisex Names
- Soivhae /sɔɪ̯ˈʋɶ/
- Roirrås /ɻɔɪ̯sˈɽrɒs/
- Vaes /vɶs/
- Vhar /ʋɐɻ/
- Zoer /ʐɔə̯ɻ/
- Vheid /ʋəɪ̯ɖ/
Common Family Names
- Zarruu /ʐɐˈɽrɔu̯/
- Synois /syˈɳɔɪ̯s/
- Ouzõv /ou̯ˈʐoːv/
- Omrro̊ /oɱˈɽrø/
- Ysvo̊ys /ysˈvøy̯s/
- Nõsoud /ɳoːˈsou̯ɖ/
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