High Aeldvaren (High Elvish)

Consonant inventory: /b c d f h j k l m n p q s t v w ð ŋ ɡ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ/   Vowel inventory: /a iː u æ ɑ ɔ ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ/   Spelling rules:

aʊ = aó

ɑ = a

æ = â

ɜː = é

ɛ = e

iː = í

ɪ = i

ɔ = o

u = ú

ʊ = u

ŋ = ng

ɹ = r

ʃ = sh

ʒ = z

ʧ = ch

j = y

ʤ = jh

θ = th

ð = dh

Adjective → adverb

If ends with Y: Suffix -s

Else: Suffix -ɜː

  Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])

Prefix mɛ-

  Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])

Suffix -ɛm

  Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun], e.g. water → watery)

If ends with Y: Suffix -ʃ

Else: Suffix -ɜː

  Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)

Suffix -ɔnn

  Noun to verb

If ends with Y: Suffix -n

Else: Suffix -iː

  Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb])

Prefix mɪ-

  Tending to

Prefix nɛ-

  Verb → noun (the act of [verb])

If ends with Y: Suffix -l

Else: Suffix -u

  Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge)

Suffix -iːɑl

  One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter)

Suffix -iːɑl

  Place of (e.g. wine → winery)

If ends with Y: Suffix -ʃ

Else: Suffix -iː

  Diminutive

Suffix -ɪnn

  Augmentative

If ends with Y: Suffix -ss

Else: Suffix -ɑ

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...   lú níamam tíema nithí níamam âthradhan lú qúíeraran thíatestrí níamam qúamledhí nuth ín   Pronunciation: /lu niːɑmɑm tiːɛmɑ nɪθiː niːɑmɑm æθɹɑðɑn lu quiːɛɹɑɹɑn θiːɑtɛstɹiː niːɑmɑm quɑmlɛðiː nʊθ iːn/   High Aeldvaren word order: and his hat holding he stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Yes = thú /θu/
No = dha /ðɑ/  

Pronouns

  Singular

1st person - I, me, mine - othéndo /ɔθɜːndɔ/ - íl /iːl/

2nd person - you, yours - enaldí /ɛnɑldiː/ - ním /niːm/

3rd person - he, him, his, she, her, hers, they, them, theirs - níamam /niːɑmɑm/ - faldíethlí /fɑldiːɛθliː/

  Plural

1st person inclusive - we, us, ours (including addressee) - ríeco /ɹiːɛcɔ/ - lelíal /lɛliːɑl/

1st person exclusive - we, us, ours (excluding addressee) - uthrath /ʊθɹɑθ/ - tethíar /tɛθiːɑɹ/

2nd person - you all, yours (pl) - edhíann /ɛðiːɑnn/ - ríal /ɹiːɑl/

3rd person - they, them, theirs - élíení /ɜːliːɛniː/ - énnabúl /ɜːnnɑbul/

 

Possessive

  Singular

1st person - my, mine - othéndo /ɔθɜːndɔ/ - íl /iːl/

2nd person - your, yours - enaldí /ɛnɑldiː/ - ním /niːm/

3rd person - his, her, hers, their, theirs - níamam /niːɑmɑm/ - faldíethlí /fɑldiːɛθliː/

  Plural

1st person inclusive - our, ours (including addressee) - ríeco /ɹiːɛcɔ/ - lelíal /lɛliːɑl/

1st person exclusive - our, ours (excluding addressee) - uthrath /ʊθɹɑθ/ - tethíar /tɛθiːɑɹ/

2nd person - your (pl), yours (pl) - edhíann /ɛðiːɑnn/ - ríal /ɹiːɑl/

3rd person - their, theirs - élíení /ɜːliːɛniː/ - énnabúl /ɜːnnɑbul/

 

Numbers

  High Aeldvaren has a base-10 number system:  

1 - dhesían

2 - ení

3 - man

4 - ríal

5 - el

6 - dhildraó

7 - dhíem

8 - eté

9 - píamâmé

10 - síasé

11 - síasédhesían “ten-one”

100 - líarí “hundred”

101 - líarí lú dhesían “hundred and one”

200 - ení líarí

1000 - fathlathú “thousand”

Simple Tenses

  Singular Present

Suffix -iːɑl

salmedííal /sɑlmɛdiːiːɑl/

(I/you/he/she) learns

  Plural Present

If ends with Y: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɑ

salmedía /sɑlmɛdiːɑ/

(we/they) learn

  Singular Past

Suffix -ɑɹ

salmedíar /sɑlmɛdiːɑɹ/

(I/you/he/she) learned

  Plural Past

If ends with Y: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -ɜː

salmedíé /sɑlmɛdiːɜː/

(we/they) learned

  Singular Future

Prefix miːɑ-

míasalmedí /miːɑsɑlmɛdiː/

(I/you/he/she) will learn

  Plural Future

Suffix -ʊs

salmedíus /sɑlmɛdiːʊs/

(we/they) will learn

 

Non-Numbered Tenses

  Remote Past

TBD

  Past Perfect

Particle before the verb: ɛldɹɑl -

eldral salmedí /ɛldɹɑl sɑlmɛdiː/

have learned

  Indefinite

TBD

  Habitual

If ends with Y: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɔ

salmedío /sɑlmɛdiːɔ/

learns

  Progressive

Particle before the verb: kiːɛbiːɛʒiːɑn -

kíebíezían salmedí /kiːɛbiːɛʒiːɑn sɑlmɛdiː/

is learning

 

Noun Cases

  Plural

Particle before the noun: liː lí

May transform into an affix for some common words/usages

  Subject (performs the verb)

Definite: no change

Indefinite: Affix liːɑ- lía-

  Object (affected by the verb)

Definite: Suffix -iːɛm -íem

Indefinite: Suffix -ɑl -al

  Indirect Object

Definite:

Indefinite:

  noun cases: 6 affixes (def. or indef. subject; def. or indef. direct object; def. or indef. indirect object)   noun genders: animate, inanimate

verb negation pre-verbal particle + adposition between VS and O