When a critical hit is scored, the player or DM (PC or NPC) deals maximum damage, then rolls damage and adds it to the total.
Note that you do not add the modifiers twice, just like normal
This is used instead of the usual method of rolling the damage twice and adding them together. In effect, this means that you have used the same method, but on one of the rolls, you always roll maximum and allows critical hits to be more impactful as they will always deal more damage than normal strikes, even if only a little and it is important to note that both NPCs and PC get this so getting hit with a critical hit will result in a greater impact as well.
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