4 Shèact 4,000 CE

Natively known as: ɛɭⱱɛɳ /ˈɛɭⱱɛɳ/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...

...gû chǔkar kǐyar sha̋d ű gû ḍȉar kǎn chȁ ű kâch r̈î...
Pronunciation: /gû ˈʧǔkar ˈkǐjar ʃa̋d ű gû ˈɖȉar kǎn ʧȁ ű kâʧ ɻî/
— Archsorceresse Kuga Shiksha

ɛɭⱱɛɳ word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face wind to   ɛɭⱱɛɳ is the general name for the languages spoken by ɛɭⱱɛs, or collectively, "ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ."   There are several languages of the ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ, roughly corresponding to the Theshine ɛɭⱱɛɳ nations of Attractae and Paylae (Coireallea, on South Flynny Island, speaks a dialect of Attractaen ɛɭⱱɛɳ). However the differences are subtleties of grammar, word order, and syntax that falls on deaf human ears. The languages are from the same family, and are generally mutually intelligible, roughly comparable to the British / American or French / Quebecois differences that are more than a dialect, but less than a linguistically distinct tongue.   The ɛɭⱱɛɳ languages inherit the natural sexism of the wider culture, with only a female and a neuter gender for nouns and verbs. Adjectives decline with the gender of the noun they are modifying. The 3rd person pronouns have only feminine or neutral declensions she, it, her, it, hers, its. Genders in ɛɭⱱɛɳ are not arbitrary. Feminine nouns and verbs tend to express value, virtue, openness, reception, progression, and similar qualities. Things associated with femininity also tend to have virtuous, valuable, and progressive connotations. Anything inanimate, non-female, or non-humanoid is strictly neutral. If an animate thing is sexed, it is simply modified with the word for "girl-body" or "boy-body", eg. "sow (fem.)" becomes "girl-bodied pig" [ȁtyi̋ǔ äts]. Note the word for "girl-body" literally means "shape," while the word for boy-body [ȁt] means "shapeless." This example clearly illustrates how attitudes toward gender are deeply ingrained into the language itself.   No human has ever mastered an ɛɭⱱɛɳ language. Most who claim to speak it, speak a pidgin version which is good enough for basic communication. This hybrid sounds silly to the ɛɭⱱɛs, and most grow up speaking a language or two from the Keltic Language Group fairly well anyway, due to encountering Celts during their childhood wanderings. Since they learn as fairly young children intellectually (in ɛɭⱱɛɳ terms), they speak it with a generally higher register than humans, and their accent carrys some pronunciation that sounds a little like 'baby talk' to the Kelts.

Writing System

The ɛɭⱱɛɳ alphabet consists of 301/2 letter-symbols that only approximate the sounds of similar-looking characters in the Celtic alphabet. ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ will often use transliterated Celtic spelling to make the language more readable and easier to pronounce for Celtiphones. In design, most ɛɭⱱɛɳ letter-symbols have an upright, except for ɕ ɗ ɛ ɔ ʋ ⱱ VV ʑ ɤ, or about 1/4 of the alphabet. These exceptions represent the most rarely-used orthography.   ɑ ɓ k ɕ ɗ ɛ ʄ ɸ ɠ ɧ i ʝ ɭ ɱ n ɲ ɳ ɔ p ɹ ʂ ʃ ʈ ʧ ʋ ⱱ VV ɥ ʑ ɤ˥   The ɛɭⱱɛɳ languages are sometimes transliterated into the Celtic languages as this alphabet of 31 letters:   a c d e f g h i k l m n ṇ ɲ ɳ o p r (ɽ) rh (ɹ, ɻ) s sh (ʃ) t cha (ʧ) dha (ð) th (θ) u v w j z zh (ʤ)   Spelling rules:  

PronunciationSpelling
jy
ɖ
ɽr
ʃsh
ʈ
ʧch
ɻ

Geographical Distribution

The traditional homeland of ɛɭⱱɛɳdom is the northern-most reaches of the Attractae peninsula in the North part of Theshine. The ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ encroached onto the Gusset, as the Lizardfolk fled East, and eventually populated what is now known as the Paylae region (and the ɛɭⱱɛɳ nation of Paylae). ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ also colonized South Flynny Island, keeping a stronghold on the East coast, known now as the nation of Coireallea.

Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d g j k m n p t ɖ ɻ ɽ ʃ ʈ ʧ  
↓Manner/Place→BilabialAlveolarPalato-alveolarRetroflexPalatalVelar
Nasalmn
Stopp bt dʈ ɖk g
Affricateʧ
Fricativeʃ
Approximantɻj
Tapɽ
  Vowel inventory: a i u   Tones: ̋ ̏ ̌ ̂  
FrontBack
Highiu
Lowa
 

Syllable structure:


Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable

Morphology

Part of Speech Morphology   nm. = There are no nouns with a masculine gender in ɛɭⱱɛɳ. Nouns are considered feminine (-a) or neuter.   nf. = -a   v. = -ar   Derivational morphology   Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ptû Else: Suffix -ȁptû
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -îb
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ Else: Suffix -i̋ʧ   Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ȉk
Noun → verb = Suffix -űj
Place of [noun] (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ǎk   Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɻ Else: Suffix -ǎɻ
Tending to [verb] = Suffix -
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ȉɖ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -űb
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ǐk   Diminutive = Suffix -   Augmentative = Suffix -îɽ

Syntax

Main word order:
(Adjective) Subject Verb (Adjective) Object (Prepositional phrase).
“Lovely Ǎkyȉ opened the green door with a key.” turns into "Lovely Ǎkyȉ opened the green door a key with."
Adjective order:
Adjectives are positioned before the noun, except in an inquiry, where the adjective is after the subject and the adverb is after the main verb.
Adposition: postpositions
Compound Words:
Compound words are constructed so that the adjectival word follows the noun part of the compound.
Space between compound elements is preserved with no hyphen.
dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ (lit. 'sex-color' or 'girl-body-color') = "pink"
dürch laṇä (lit. 'lip-color') = "lipstick"
r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k (lit. 'girl-body-weave (nf.)' = "dress (nf.)"
Thus, "dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k" = "pink dress"

Vocabulary

Articles

  def. s. ~ the =   def. pl. ~ the = ɖa̋   indef. s. ~ a =   indef. pl. ~ some = bîɽ   Uses of definite article: (def. s. ~ the = ; def. pl. ~ the = ɖa̋)   Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’ ["ɽȉk âȁɽ ɖa̋ bi̋r̈ȁ."]   Used with place names: ‘The Kaya Eth’ [" kàja ìɖ"]   Uses of indefinite article: indef. s. ~ a = ; indef. pl. ~ some = bîɽ   Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a pink dress’, which would translate to ‘I am looking for girl in a pink dress’ ["ɽȉk gǎarȁɽ kůṇstå ḍîy dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k." ]
Specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a pink dress’, translating to the same use ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a pink dress’ ["ɽȉk gǎarȁɽ kůṇstå ḍîy dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k."]   Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) wine?’ which becomes ‘Would you like wine?’ ["ɽîʃ ḍâmar wârř?"]   Specific means ‘Some wine (a specific amount) fell off the truck’ ["bîɽ wârř bȕbǔ bǐrűj kû dügietlmoü."]  

Pronouns

  nom. 1st pers. ~ I = ɽȉk   nom. 2nd pers. s. ~ you = ɽîʃ   nom. 3rd pers. s. neut. ~ it = ɻǎ   nom. 3rd pers. s. fem. ~ she = bǎɖ   nom. 1st pers. pl. ~ we = ɻȁ   nom. 2nd pers. pl. ~ you all = ki̋   nom. 3rd pers. pl. ~ they = ɖǎ   acc. 1st pers. s. ~ me = ʧi̋   acc. 2nd pers. s. ~ you = ɻa̋   acc. 3rd pers. s. neut. ~ it = bi̋   acc. 3rd pers. s. fem. ~ her = ɻű   acc. 1st pers. pl. ~ us = ɻîɖ   acc. 2nd pers. pl. ~ you all = ʈȁ   acc. 3rd pers. pl. ~ them =  

Possessive determiners

  1st pers. s. ~ my = ɽȉ   2nd pers. s. ~ your = ʧȕk   3rd pers. s. neut. ~ its = bi̋m   3rd pers. s. fem. ~ her = bűk   1st pers. pl. ~ our =  

Nouns

 
SingularNo affix
ṭȉm /ʈȉm/ dog
PluralSuffix -ȁ
ṭȉmȁ /ˈʈȉmȁ/ dogs
 

Adposition:


Prepositions; Postpositions  

Conjunctions

:      

Numbers

  ɛɭⱱɛɳ has a base-12 number system:   0 - ḍű - χ; 1 - bȉn - ʝ; 2 - shű - ÿ; 3 - ṭîy - ɜ; 4 - û - ʍ; 5 - chȕd - ʂ; 6 - ṭǎ - ɕ; 7 - chǎn - ʨ; 8 - r̈ȕ - ɤɤ; 9 - shi̋ - ɠ;
10 - shi̋ḍű - ʐ; 11 - shi̋bȉn - ʑ;
144 - ḍâ - ʝχχ; 1,728 - chîr̈ - ʝχχχ

Phonetics

Consonant inventory: f g h k l m n p s t v w z ð ŋ ɭ ɲ ɳ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ   Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ə ɛ ɜː ɤ˥ ɪ ʊ ʌ   Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯   Consonant inventory (as pronounceable by humans): b d g j k m n p t ɖ ɻ ɽ ʃ ʈ ʧ
Vowel inventory (as pronounceable by humans): a i u Tones: ̋ ̏ ̌ ̂

Tenses

ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ tend to have a very long view of time. With an individual age span that's been estimated at four to five hundred years, they think in centuries the way humans would think in years or decades. Thus "a third of a lifetime" might mean anything up to one or two hundred years. The ɛɭⱱɛɳ tenses are usually rendered in the sense of, "within the last 100 years" (past), "during this century" (present), and "sometime in the next 100 years" (future). Further times, such as "before she was born" or "eons from now" are communicated by doubling one or both of the tensed verbs ("bǎɖ ˈɖâmarǐg ˈɖâmari̋ɖ" = 'she loved even before [we were born]'; bǎɖ ˈɖâmari̋ɖ ˈɖâmari̋ɖ = 'she loved long, long before [we were born])". Speaking of minutes, hours, days, months, or even years requires a precision that humans have difficulty with, and the ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ almost never use.   Distant Past - "a third of a lifetime ago"   Passing Present - "sometime in this third of a lifetime"   Distant Future - "a third of a lifetime from now"  

Verb Suffixes

  Example word = learn   pass. pres. 1st pers. s. ~ (I) learn = -ȁɽ   pass. pres. 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) learn = -ȁm   pass. pres. 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) learns = after vowel: -g; after consonant: -ǐg   pass. pres. 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) learn = -ȉ   pass. pres. 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) learn = after vowel: -j; after consonant: -i̋j   pass. pres. 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) learn = -ȁ   dist. past 1st pers. s. ~ (I) learned = after vowel: -p after consonant: -ǔp   dist. past 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) learned = after vowel: -mnȕ; after consonant: -ǔmnȕ   dist. past 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) learned = -ǎɻ   dist. past 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) learned = -ȕ   dist. past 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) learned = after vowel: -ɻ; after consonant: -ǔɻ   dist. past 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) learned = -   dist. fut. 1st pers. s. ~ (I) will learn = after vowel: -m; after consonant: -âm   dist. fut. 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) will learn = -ǎn   dist. fut. 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) will learn = -i̋ɖ   dist. fut. 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) will learn = after vowel: -ɽ; after consonant: -ȕɽ   dist. fut. 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) will learn = after vowel: -d; after consonant: -âd   dist. fut. 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) will learn = after vowel: -k; after consonant: -a̋k

Sentence Structure

Word order:
[statement]: (Adjective) subject (adverb) verb (adjective) object (prepositional phrase).
[inquiry]Verb (adverb) subject (adjective) (adjective) object (prepositional phrase).   Adposition:
Prepositions; Postpositions

Adjective Order

Adjective/adverb order:
[statement] before the noun
[inquiry] after subject, after verb, object modifiers and prepositional phrases unchanged

Dictionary

429 Words.
Spoken by
Common Phrases
Fu, zhalk rhìk Shagmi. /fʊ, ʤɑlk ɽȉk ʃâgmí/
Hello, my name is Shagmi. ["Hello, call me Shagmi."]
Rik damar rish! /ɽȉk ḍâmar ɽîʃ/
I like you! ["I take pleasure in you!"] (in the sense of introduction: '{Pleasure/Charmed/Nice} to meet you!')
Laṇ rik kǐsangks chǐ? /ɭæɳ ɽȉk kǐsæŋks ʧǐ/
Where is the washroom? ["Know-me water-room here?"]
Common Female Names
Baṭikmiy, Bishikyi, Biṭṭuṭi, Ceallacha, Chaḍa, Chami, Ḍushù, Eshth, Eṭcha, Gawaini, Giorsalae, Keal'làcha, Kara, Kuga, Kushir̂a, Lɔɾɛɭae, Lɔɾi, Rigriele, R̂ittumi, Shagmi, Ṭiti
Common Male Names
Abtun, Bik, Chach, Chim, Chunak, Ḍar̂, Ḍikur, Enth, Gemmie, Ilgk, R̂ad, Rik, Riun, R̂uch, Rud, R̂umach, Ṭadiḍ, Ṭar̂
Common Family Names
Boann, Chimnab, Kevern, Kiar, Kor̂igan, Krogton, Ḍugyinay, Ermid, Guennoḍ, Kakmashta, Kəwɲkh, Kiàr, Kudyiḍ, Muirealle, Odgar, R̂uggikshum, Rumplestiltskin, Shiksha, Shúshann