Natively known as: ɛɭⱱɛɳ /ˈɛɭⱱɛɳ/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind......gû chǔkar kǐyar sha̋d ű gû ḍȉar kǎn chȁ ű kâch r̈î...
Pronunciation: /gû ˈʧǔkar ˈkǐjar ʃa̋d ű gû ˈɖȉar kǎn ʧȁ ű kâʧ ɻî/
ɛɭⱱɛɳ word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face wind to ɛɭⱱɛɳ is the general name for the languages spoken by ɛɭⱱɛs, or collectively, "ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ." There are several languages of the
Writing System
The ɛɭⱱɛɳ alphabet consists of 301/2 letter-symbols that only approximate the sounds of similar-looking characters in the Celtic alphabet. ɛɭⱱɛɳȁ will often use transliterated Celtic spelling to make the language more readable and easier to pronounce for Celtiphones. In design, most ɛɭⱱɛɳ letter-symbols have an upright, except for ɕ ɗ ɛ ɔ ʋ ⱱ VV ʑ ɤ, or about 1/4 of the alphabet. These exceptions represent the most rarely-used orthography. ɑ ɓ k ɕ ɗ ɛ ʄ ɸ ɠ ɧ i ʝ ɭ ɱ n ɲ ɳ ɔ p ɹ ʂ ʃ ʈ ʧ ʋ ⱱ VV ɥ ʑ ɤ˥ The ɛɭⱱɛɳ languages are sometimes transliterated into the Celtic languages as this alphabet of 31 letters: a c d e f g h i k l m n ṇ ɲ ɳ o p r (ɽ) rh (ɹ, ɻ) s sh (ʃ) t cha (ʧ) dha (ð) th (θ) u v w j z zh (ʤ) Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
| j | y |
| ɖ | ḍ |
| ɽ | r |
| ʃ | sh |
| ʈ | ṭ |
| ʧ | ch |
| ɻ | r̈ |
Geographical Distribution
Phonology
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Stop | p b | t d | ʈ ɖ | k g | ||
| Affricate | ʧ | |||||
| Fricative | ʃ | |||||
| Approximant | ɻ | j | ||||
| Tap | ɽ |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Low | a |
Syllable structure:
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Morphology
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -îb
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ Else: Suffix -i̋ʧ Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ǔ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ȉk
Noun → verb = Suffix -űj
Place of [noun] (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ǎk Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɻ Else: Suffix -ǎɻ
Tending to [verb] = Suffix -i̋
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ȉɖ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -űb
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ǐk Diminutive = Suffix -ǎ Augmentative = Suffix -îɽ
Syntax
(Adjective) Subject Verb (Adjective) Object (Prepositional phrase).
“Lovely Ǎkyȉ opened the green door with a key.” turns into "Lovely Ǎkyȉ opened the green door a key with."
Adjective order:
Adjectives are positioned before the noun, except in an inquiry, where the adjective is after the subject and the adverb is after the main verb.
Adposition: postpositions
Compound Words:
Compound words are constructed so that the adjectival word follows the noun part of the compound.
Space between compound elements is preserved with no hyphen.
dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ (lit. 'sex-color' or 'girl-body-color') = "pink"
dürch laṇä (lit. 'lip-color') = "lipstick"
r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k (lit. 'girl-body-weave (nf.)' = "dress (nf.)"
Thus, "dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k" = "pink dress"
Vocabulary
Articles
def. s. ~ the = kû def. pl. ~ the = ɖa̋ indef. s. ~ a = kâ indef. pl. ~ some = bîɽ Uses of definite article: (def. s. ~ the = kû; def. pl. ~ the = ɖa̋) Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’ ["ɽȉk âȁɽ ɖa̋ bi̋r̈ȁ."] Used with place names: ‘The Kaya Eth’ ["kû kàja ìɖ"] Uses of indefinite article: indef. s. ~ a = kâ; indef. pl. ~ some = bîɽ Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a pink dress’, which would translate to ‘I am looking for girl in a pink dress’ ["ɽȉk gǎarȁɽ kůṇstå ḍîy dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k." ]Specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a pink dress’, translating to the same use ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a pink dress’ ["ɽȉk gǎarȁɽ kâ kůṇstå ḍîy dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ dürch r̈a̋narǎɻ ˈȁtji̋k."] Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) wine?’ which becomes ‘Would you like wine?’ ["ɽîʃ ḍâmar wârř?"] Specific means ‘Some wine (a specific amount) fell off the truck’ ["bîɽ wârř bȕbǔ bǐrűj kû dügietlmoü."]
Pronouns
nom. 1st pers. ~ I = ɽȉk nom. 2nd pers. s. ~ you = ɽîʃ nom. 3rd pers. s. neut. ~ it = ɻǎ nom. 3rd pers. s. fem. ~ she = bǎɖ nom. 1st pers. pl. ~ we = ɻȁ nom. 2nd pers. pl. ~ you all = ki̋ nom. 3rd pers. pl. ~ they = ɖǎ acc. 1st pers. s. ~ me = ʧi̋ acc. 2nd pers. s. ~ you = ɻa̋ acc. 3rd pers. s. neut. ~ it = bi̋ acc. 3rd pers. s. fem. ~ her = ɻű acc. 1st pers. pl. ~ us = ɻîɖ acc. 2nd pers. pl. ~ you all = ʈȁ acc. 3rd pers. pl. ~ them = kǔPossessive determiners
1st pers. s. ~ my = ɽȉ 2nd pers. s. ~ your = ʧȕk 3rd pers. s. neut. ~ its = bi̋m 3rd pers. s. fem. ~ her = bűk 1st pers. pl. ~ our = bîNouns
| Singular | No affix ṭȉm /ʈȉm/ dog |
| Plural | Suffix -ȁ ṭȉmȁ /ˈʈȉmȁ/ dogs |
Adposition:
Prepositions; Postpositions
Conjunctions
:Numbers
ɛɭⱱɛɳ has a base-12 number system: 0 - ḍű - χ; 1 - bȉn - ʝ; 2 - shű - ÿ; 3 - ṭîy - ɜ; 4 - û - ʍ; 5 - chȕd - ʂ; 6 - ṭǎ - ɕ; 7 - chǎn - ʨ; 8 - r̈ȕ - ɤɤ; 9 - shi̋ - ɠ;10 - shi̋ḍű - ʐ; 11 - shi̋bȉn - ʑ;
144 - ḍâ - ʝχχ; 1,728 - chîr̈ - ʝχχχ
Phonetics
Vowel inventory (as pronounceable by humans): a i u Tones: ̋ ̏ ̌ ̂
Tenses
Verb Suffixes
Example word = learn pass. pres. 1st pers. s. ~ (I) learn = -ȁɽ pass. pres. 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) learn = -ȁm pass. pres. 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) learns = after vowel: -g; after consonant: -ǐg pass. pres. 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) learn = -ȉ pass. pres. 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) learn = after vowel: -j; after consonant: -i̋j pass. pres. 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) learn = -ȁ dist. past 1st pers. s. ~ (I) learned = after vowel: -p after consonant: -ǔp dist. past 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) learned = after vowel: -mnȕ; after consonant: -ǔmnȕ dist. past 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) learned = -ǎɻ dist. past 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) learned = -ȕ dist. past 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) learned = after vowel: -ɻ; after consonant: -ǔɻ dist. past 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) learned = -a̋ dist. fut. 1st pers. s. ~ (I) will learn = after vowel: -m; after consonant: -âm dist. fut. 2nd pers. s. ~ (you) will learn = -ǎn dist. fut. 3rd pers. s. ~ (she/it) will learn = -i̋ɖ dist. fut. 1st pers. pl. ~ (we) will learn = after vowel: -ɽ; after consonant: -ȕɽ dist. fut. 2nd pers. pl. ~ (you all) will learn = after vowel: -d; after consonant: -âd dist. fut. 3rd pers. pl. ~ (they) will learn = after vowel: -k; after consonant: -a̋kSentence Structure
[statement]: (Adjective) subject (adverb) verb (adjective) object (prepositional phrase).
[inquiry]Verb (adverb) subject (adjective) (adjective) object (prepositional phrase). Adposition:
Prepositions; Postpositions
Adjective Order
[statement] before the noun
[inquiry] after subject, after verb, object modifiers and prepositional phrases unchanged