Major World History

Stemming from unresolved disputes of the French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars the Napoleonic wars would comprise 5 major global conflicts as the French army and its allies, led by Napoleon I, faced various coalitions comprised of a fluctuating array of European states. While these conflicts resulted in a brief domination over large swathes of continental Europe it would not last and ultimately resulted in the eastern invasion of France and subsequent abdication of Napoleon I. Many nations having seen the devastation these wars cause begin forming defense treaties to deter further such military actions.

Sometimes known as the Seven Weeks' War this conflict was fought between the Austrian Empire and Kingdom of Prussia each aided by allies from within the German Confederation. The war was ended through a treaty signed by the two major parties with Prussia gaining more favorable outcomes while Austria was faced with loss of land power and seclusion from the newly formed North German Confederation.

After the conclusion of the Austro-Prussian War and dissolution of the German Confederation Prussia worked to establish a federal state in Northern Germany, and in July of 1867 the Northern German Federation was created along with its federal constitution. Establishing the Prussian king as chair of the federal assembly and forming the Reichstag (a parliament with universal male suffrage) and Budesrath (federal council) a period of cooperation between parties was undertaken to unify Northern Germany's laws, infrastructure, penal code, postal system, and religious freedoms.

The British Empire engages in a near month long conflict against rebelling Ottomans who wished for greater representation religiously and politically as well as reduced presence of British military personnel. These requests are overlooked, and military force is used to suppress the rebellious populace.

In a bid to reclaim land lost during their devastating loss in the Crimean War and support the movement attempting to free the Balkan nations of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro from the Ottoman Empire, Russia mobilized troops through Romania to attack Ottoman Forces beginning conflict. While Ottoman forces were better fortified and supplied with superior equipment their passivity would allow Russian forces to operate with little resistance in the beginning giving them a strong foothold for continued attacks. Ultimately Russia would push Ottoman forces back to Constantinople where the western European great powers, concerned by the rapid gain of power and land by Russia, intervened assuring the acceptance of the Ottoman truce by Russia, and resulting in the Treaty of San Stefano granting independence to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro as well as the autonomy of Bulgaria. The Treaty of San Stefano would later be modified by the Congress of Berlin which would ultimately reduce the amount of land that the Balkan states would gain, even returning a portion to the Ottoman Empire, as well as allowing Austria-Hungary to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina with Great Britan gaining possession of Cyprus.

The German-Russian alliance first formed by Kaiser Wilhelm I in 1972 to strengthen foreign relations is ended by Wilhelm II due to "Unfavorable terms."