Dagerish

Natively known as: dager /ˈdɑger/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
pun cçan mar mii xen cçen pun mar maali pɯn cçaaigdep a cçap
Pronunciation: /pun cçɑŋ mɑr mɯː xen cçen pun mɑr ˈmɑːli pɯn ˈcçɑːigdep ɑ cçɑp/
Dagerish word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b c d g j k l m n p r s t x z ç ŋ ʋ ʝ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ŋ
Stop	b p		d t	c	k g
Fricative			s z	ç ʝ	x
Approximant		ʋ		j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

  Vowel inventory: e eː i iː o oː u uː y yː ø øː ɑ ɑː ɯ ɯː  

	Front	Back
High	i y yː iː	ɯ u uː ɯː
High-mid	e ø eː øː	o oː
Low		ɑ ɑː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
yː	yy
ɯː	ii
uː	uu
øː	ö
oː	oo
ø	ö
iː	ii
eː	ee
ɑː	aa
ɑ	a
ʋ	v
ŋ	n
ʝ	j

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	Suffix -yn syyktepyn /ˈsyːktepyn/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -oŋ syyktepon /ˈsyːktepoŋ/ (verb done to) dog

 

	Singular	Plural
Definite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -iŋ syyktepin /ˈsyːktepiŋ/ the dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -øn syyktepön /ˈsyːktepøn/ the dogs
Indefinite	Suffix -in syyktepin /ˈsyːktepin/ a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ç Else: Suffix -eːç syyktepeeç /ˈsyːktepeːç/ some dogs

 

Articles

  Dagerish encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
 

Pronouns

 

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	an /ɑn/ I	cçoo /cçoː/ me
2nd singular	myg /myg/ you	ke /ke/ you
3rd singular masc	cçan /cçɑŋ/ he, it (masc)	e /e/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	oç /oç/ she, it (fem)	ku /ku/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	kar /kɑr/ we	ka /kɑ/ us
2nd plural	kaa /kɑː/ you all	kee /keː/ you all
3rd plural	çan /çɑn/ they	bön /bøːn/ them

 

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	meç /meç/ my
2nd singular	dɯ /dɯ/ your
3rd singular masc	mar /mɑr/ his
3rd singular fem	çin /çin/ her
1st plural	bir /bir/ our
2nd plural	i /i/ your (pl)
3rd plural	cçö /cçø/ their

 

Verbs

  Dagerish uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: kɑŋ - kan kɯva /kɑŋ ˈkɯʋɑ/ learned

  Dagerish uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: mɯr - mɯr kɯva /mɯr ˈkɯʋɑ/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Dagerish has a base-12 number system:   1 - din
2 - ɯm
3 - cçig
4 - ur
5 - cçi
6 - bomdop
7 - kaldu
8 - çeegargaa
9 - e
10 - bevaar
11 - ɯn
12 - ar
144 - ari
1728 - deo
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -er
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -u
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -en
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ç
Else: Suffix -ɑç
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -jo
Else: Suffix -ɑjo
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ɑr
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -er
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ldɯ
Else: Suffix -eldɯ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ru
Else: Suffix -oːru
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -o
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ç
Else: Suffix -eç
Diminutive = Suffix -ɯp
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɯn