Coast Salish

The Coast Salish speak several closely related languages that are part of the Salishan language family. Some of these languages include Hul’q’umi’num’, Lushootseed, and Squamish. Many efforts are ongoing to revitalize and preserve these languages, which are an integral part of Coast Salish cultural identity.

Coast Salish culture is deeply tied to the natural world, with traditions reflecting respect for the land, water, and the interconnectedness of all life. Key cultural practices include:   Fishing and Hunting: Salmon fishing is central, both for sustenance and as a cultural symbol.
Art and Craftsmanship: Known for intricate wood carvings, including house posts, canoes, and ceremonial masks. They also create woven items like blankets and baskets using traditional materials.
Potlatch Ceremonies: These gatherings are vital to Coast Salish social structure, involving feasting, storytelling, dancing, and the redistribution of wealth to reinforce community bonds and social hierarchies.
Oral Histories and Storytelling: Stories and legends passed down through generations explain natural phenomena, teach moral lessons, and preserve historical events.

Coast Salish societies traditionally had complex kinship systems and were organized into extended family groups. Leadership was often based on wisdom, generosity, and the ability to navigate inter-community relationships. Territories and resources were collectively managed, with a strong emphasis on stewardship.

Coast Salish art is a vibrant and distinctive cultural expression that reflects the deep connection of Coast Salish peoples to their land, waters, and spiritual beliefs. Unlike the more familiar totemic art of the northern Northwest Coast peoples, Coast Salish art is characterized by its use of negative space, flowing lines, and circular forms, often referred to as ovoids and crescents. These elements come together in symmetrical and balanced compositions that symbolize interconnectedness and harmony. Traditional mediums include wood carving (used for house posts, masks, and canoes), weaving (notably intricate wool blankets and cedar bark mats), and stone carving. Common themes include animals, spirits, and natural elements, all imbued with spiritual significance. Today, Coast Salish artists continue to innovate, blending traditional techniques with contemporary materials and styles to express their cultural heritage while addressing modern issues.