Tullimendoc (Forest Elvish)

LANGUAGE FAMILY: TOL YLIDOC   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING:   SPOKEN IN: Bluepool, Dokeen   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

---

  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: var bont soee kaɨa teia spro var che bont kiːhuai gan vaa   Pronunciation: var boːnt suː ˈkaɨa ˈteia sproː var chə boːnt ˈkiːhyˌai gaːn ˈvaa     Tullimendoc word order: and hat his holding stood he and to the wind his face wet turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b d f j k l m n p r s t v x z ŋ ɣ ɦ ʋ/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ŋ
Stop	p b		t d		k
Fricative		f v	s z		x ɣ	ɦ
Approximant		ʋ		j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

  Vowel inventory: /aː eː i oː u y øː œy ɑ ɑu ɔ ə ɛ ɛi ɪ ʏ/   Diphthongs: œy, ɑu, ɛi  

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ
High-mid	eː øː		oː
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low	aː		ɑ

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: b, bl, br, d, dr, j, k, kl, kr, kʋ, l, m, n, p, pl, pr, r, s, sl, sn, sp, spr, st, sx, sxr, t, tr, tʋ, v, vl, vr, z, zʋ, ɣ, ɣr, ɦ, ʋ
Mid-word consonants: b, bl, br, d, dr, f, fd, fm, fx, j, k, kt, kɦ, l, ld, lfd, lk, lp, lt, lv, lɣ, lʋ, m, mp, mpj, mt, n, nd, nk, nl, nm, nr, ns, nst, nt, ntf, ntm, ntr, ntsn, ntʋ, nv, nz, nɣ, nɦ, nʋ, p, pk, pl, pn, pt, px, r, rb, rbr, rd, rdʋ, rk, rkt, rl, rm, rn, rs, rst, rsx, rsxr, rt, rtn, rtr, rv, rz, rɣ, rɦ, s, sj, sl, spr, st, sx, sxr, t, tf, tj, tk, tr, ts, tst, tz, v, vr, x, xt, xtx, z, ŋ, ŋk, ŋr, ɣ, ɣr, ɦ, ʋ
Word final consonants: N/A   Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• u → v / #_
• l → n / #_V[+nasal]
• p → bh / V_V
• k → g / _{w,j}

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
sx	sch
x	ch
ʋ	w
p	b / _#
t	d / _#
d	t / C_#
x	g
ɣ	g
ɦ	h
ŋk	ng
ŋ	ng
yu	uw
u	oe / !_w
ɑoe	ou
ʏ	u
eː	ee
aː	a
ɑ	a
oː	o
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
ɪ	i
i	ie / C_#
ɛi	ij / _#
ɛi	ei
œy	ui
ʏ	u
y	u
øː	eu
ə	e

 

Grammar

  Main word order: (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb Subject.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into With a key the door opened Mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

 

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix	No affix ðiai /ˈðɪai/ woman
Plural	Suffix -y	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ip ðiaib /ˈðɪaip/ women

 

Articles

 

Definite	trorcht /trɔrxt/ the
Indefinite	hoft /ɦɔft/ a, some

  Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

  Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	be /bɛ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	zwe /zʋə/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	spro /sproː/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	lad /laːt/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	spre /sprɛ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	blo /bloː/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	oer /ur/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	gang /ɣaːŋ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	ne /nɛ/ my
2nd singular	i /i/ your
3rd singular masc	bont /boːnt/ his
3rd singular fem	eest /eːst/ her
1st plural	e /ɛ/ our
2nd plural	spal /spaːl/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	pre /prɛ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	bor /bɔr/ their (fem)

 

Verbs

 

	Present	Past	Future
1st singular	Suffix -oː geiχao /ˈgeiˌχaoː/ (I) learn	Suffix -œy geiχaui /ˈgeiˌχaœy/ (I) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rt Else: Suffix -oːrt geiχart /ˈgeiχart/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	Suffix -ɑl geiχaal /ˈgeiˌχaɑl/ (you) learn	Suffix -œyn geiχauin /ˈgeiˌχaœyn/ (you) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ən geiχan /ˈgeiχan/ (you) will learn
3rd singular masc	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ip geiχab /ˈgeiχap/ (he) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt Else: Suffix -øːnt geiχant /ˈgeiχant/ (he) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -ɔf geiχaf /ˈgeiχaf/ (he) will learn
3rd singular fem	Suffix -ɪn geiχain /ˈgeiˌχaɪn/ (she) learns	Suffix -eːst geiχaeest /ˈgeiˌχaeːst/ (she) learned	Suffix -oːrxt geiχaorcht /ˈgeiˌχaoːrxt/ (she) will learn
1st plural	Suffix -eː geiχaee /ˈgeiˌχaeː/ (we) learn	Suffix -u geiχaoe /ˈgeiˌχau/ (we) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lt Else: Suffix -œylt geiχalt /ˈgeiχalt/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lt Else: Suffix -ʏlt geiχalt /ˈgeiχalt/ (you all) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -əm geiχam /ˈgeiχam/ (you all) learned	Suffix -eːn geiχaeen /ˈgeiˌχaeːn/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural masc	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -œyt geiχad /ˈgeiχat/ (they) learn	Suffix -oːn geiχaon /ˈgeiˌχaoːn/ (they) learned	Suffix -aː geiχaa /ˈgeiˌχaaː/ (they) will learn
3rd plural fem	If ends with vowel: Suffix -x Else: Suffix -ɪx geiχach /ˈgeiχax/ (they) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt Else: Suffix -ənt geiχant /ˈgeiχant/ (they) learned	Suffix -y geiχau /ˈgeiˌχay/ (they) will learn

 

Numbers

  Tullimendoc has a base-20 number system:   1 - ombaθ
2 - binarah
3 - hoɨs
4 - tie
5 - samloo
6 - naoe
7 - noeenn
8 - sattoo
9 - roe
10 - ntin
11 - konr̥oð
12 - n̥oeθ
13 - θjoint
14 - ðiːrɨː
15 - heoer
16 - us
17 - kʊhoe
18 - pailt
19 - sdɨdroe
20 - evr
21 - evrombaθ “twenty-one”
400 - blee “fourhundred”
401 - blee ombaθ “fourhundred one”
800 - binarah blee “two fourhundred”
8000 - gɨθir “eightthousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ld Else: Suffix -ɔld
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -hladd
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -tuc
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix on-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -af
Noun to verb = Suffix -an
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -suc
Tending to = Suffix -al
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -di
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -əu
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ac
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɛn
Diminutive = Suffix -ɨm

Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -aið
Opposite = Prefix occ-