Tagsyamut

LANGUAGE FAMILY: TYRILAN   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 300K / #49   SPOKEN IN: Beribon (South) - 300K   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

---

  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: kiw na meg miw na komˠim kiw nam na waexad ap kico lūt   Pronunciation: kiw na meg miw na koˈmˠim kiw nam na ʋaeˈxad ap kiˈco luːt     Tagsyamut word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b bʲ bˠ c d dʲ d̪ˠ f fʲ fˠ g h j k l lʲ m mʲ mˠ n n̪ˠ p pʲ pˠ s sˠ t tʲ t̪ˠ v vʲ w x ç ð ɟ ɫ ɹ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ ʋ ʍ ʔ ʤ ʧ θ/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m mʲ mˠ		n̪ˠ	n
Stop	p pʲ pˠ bʲ bˠ b		t̪ˠ d̪ˠ	tʲ t dʲ d		c ɟ	k g	ʔ
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		fʲ fˠ f vʲ v	θ ð	sˠ s	ʃ	ç	x	h
Approximant		ʋ		ɹ		j
Tap				ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant				l lʲ

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar	Velarized alveolar
Approximant	ʍ w
Lateral approximant		ɫ

  Vowel inventory: /a ae ai ao au aː aːi aːu e eː i iː o oi ou oː u uː/   Diphthongs: ae, ai, ao, au, aːi, aːu, oi, ou  

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low	a aː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: h, k, l, m, n, p, ʋ, ʔ
Mid-word consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ
Word final consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ   Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• wi → o / C_

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʋ	w
ʔ	ʻ
aː	ā
eː	ē
iː	ī
oː	ō
uː	ū

 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions  

Nouns

 

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix niçu /niˈçu/ man	No affix koi /koi/ woman
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ki- kiniçu /kiniˈçu/ men	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hu- hukoi /huˈkoi/ women

 

Articles

 

Definite	ul /ul/ the
Indefinite	hadɹ /hadɹ/ a, some

 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	hi /hi/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	paol /paol/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	na /na/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	mam /mam/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural inclusive	mi /mi/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ki /ki/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	kaw /kaw/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	ʻew /ʔew/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	mik /mik/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	hi /hi/ my
2nd singular	paol /paol/ your
3rd singular masc	na /na/ his
3rd singular fem	mam /mam/ her
1st plural inclusive	mi /mi/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ki /ki/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	kaw /kaw/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	ʻew /ʔew/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	mik /mik/ their (fem)

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix kaid /kaid/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix le- lekaid /leˈkaid/ learned
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pu- pukaid /puˈkaid/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Tagsyamut has a base-20 number system:   1 - mā
2 - kaoɹ
3 - mib
4 - ʻu
5 - mahi
6 - lou
7 - kī
8 - ka
9 - namʲal
10 - moθɹ
11 - poçi
12 - idʲa
13 - mekas
14 - mūkām
15 - iʃī
16 - ucɾʲel
17 - papʲim
18 - magi
19 - maen̪ˠib
20 - haɟu
21 - haɟumā “twenty-one”
400 - mab “fourhundred”
401 - mab kiw mā “fourhundred and one”
800 - kaoɹ mab “two fourhundred”
8000 - lipɹ “eightthousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʔ- Else: Prefix ʔaː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix pu-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kaːu-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix hi-
Noun to verb = Prefix laː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix no-
Tending to = Prefix ai-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix hi-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix pe-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mi-
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mu-