Strvingydh

LANGUAGE FAMILY: FARANG   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 275K / #50   SPOKEN IN: Bimmentok - 250K / Criamon-Sothet - 13K / Jor - 5K / Ret - 5K / Arlean Isles - 2K   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

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  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: go o i supo ev ekponsanka go i wompo vike zuikion qa abibva   Pronunciation: go o i ˈsupo ev ekˈponsanˌka go i ˈwompo ˈvike ˈzuiˌkion qa ˈabibva     Strvingydh word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b g k l m n p q r s v w/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b			k g	q
Fricative		v	s
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

  Vowel inventory: /a e i o u/  

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
  Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• i → u / _(C)u
• l → n / #_VC
• [+nasal] → n / _#
• o → ɔ / _[+nasal]
• p → f / #_
• p → b / m_
• n → ∅ / _s
• b → m / _V[+nasal]
• g → k / #_
• iw → o / _#

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä
øː	ö
œ	ö
oː	å
ɔ	o
yː	y
ʏ	y
ʉː	u
ɵ	u
ʊ	o
uː	o
iː	i
ɪ	i
eː	e
ɑː	a
ŋn	gn
ŋ	ng
ɕ	k
ɧ	sj
j	g / _#
kk	ck
C₁C₁	C₁ / _j

 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door with a key opened..
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun..
Adposition: postpositions  

Nouns

  Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Singular

 

	Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -u zekamionu /zeˈkamiˌonu/ man (when doing the verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -a soguiqver /ˈsoguˌiqver/ woman (when doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix qa- qazekamion /ˈqazeˌkamion/ (verb done to) man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -o soguiqvew /ˈsoguˌiqvew/ (verb done to) woman
Genitive	Suffix -ab zekamionab /ˈzekaˌmionab/ manʼs	Prefix qi- qisoguiqve /ˈqisoˌguiqve/ womanʼs
Dative	Suffix -es zekamiones /ˈzekaˌmiones/ to (the/a) man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -e soguiqves /ˈsoguˌiqves/ to (the/a) woman
Locative	Prefix we- wezekamion /weˈzekaˌmion/ near/at/by (the/a) man	Prefix si- sisoguiqve /ˈsisoˌguiqve/ near/at/by (the/a) woman

Plural

 

	Masculine	Feminine
Nominative	No affix zekamion /zeˈkamiˌon/ men (when doing the verb)	No affix soguiqve /soˈguiqˌve/ women (when doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix vo- vozekamion /ˈvozeˌkamion/ (verb done to) men	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -u soguiqvek /ˈsoguˌiqvek/ (verb done to) women
Genitive	Suffix -ik zekamionik /ˈzekaˌmionik/ menʼs	If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -u soguiqvew /ˈsoguˌiqvew/ womenʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -a zekamiona /ˈzekaˌmiona/ to (the/some) men	Prefix so- sosoguiqve /soˈsoguˌiqve/ to (the/some) women
Locative	Suffix -ag zekamionag /ˈzekaˌmionag/ near/at/by (the/some) men	Prefix vu- vusoguiqve /vuˈsoguˌiqve/ near/at/by (the/some) women

 

Articles

 

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	bim /bim/ the	ka /ka/ a
Plural	a /a/ the	ba /ba/ some

   

Pronouns

 

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	ug /ug/ I	us /us/ me	wa /wa/ mine	pa /pa/ to me	sal /sal/ at me
2nd singular	ob /ob/ you (masc)	iv /iv/ you	i /i/ yours	bam /bam/ to you	ke /ke/ at you
3rd singular masc	o /o/ he, it	gi /gi/ him, it	es /es/ his, its	bo /bo/ to him, at it	wam /wam/ at him, at it
3rd singular fem	bom /bom/ she, it	u /u/ her, it	ap /ap/ hers, its	uv /uv/ to her, at it	go /go/ at her, at it
1st plural	a /a/ we	su /su/ us	ba /ba/ ours	ren /ren/ to us	ki /ki/ at us
2nd plural	e /e/ you all	sum /sum/ you all	re /re/ yours (pl)	eb /eb/ to you all	ak /ak/ at you all
3rd plural masc	pun /pun/ they (masc)	pan /pan/ them (masc)	iw /iw/ theirs (masc)	bel /bel/ to them (masc)	pom /pom/ at them (masc)
3rd plural fem	wum /wum/ they (fem)	so /so/ them (fem)	qa /qa/ theirs (fem)	ig /ig/ to them (fem)	sa /sa/ at them (fem)

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	aq /aq/ my
2nd singular	e /e/ your
3rd singular masc	i /i/ his
3rd singular fem	uq /uq/ her
1st plural	or /or/ our
2nd plural	ir /ir/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	kal /kal/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ow /ow/ their (fem)

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix benpiri /ˈbenpiri/ learn
Past	Suffix -av benpiriav /ˈbenpiˌriav/ learned
Remote past	Suffix -ab benpiriab /ˈbenpiˌriab/ learned (long ago)
Future	Suffix -iw benpiriiw /ˈbenpiˌriiw/ will learn

  Imperfective aspect   The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).   Strvingydh uses an affix for imperfective:  

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -o benpiris /ˈbenpiris/ learns/is learning

 

Numbers

  Strvingydh has a base-20 number system:   1 - zasolmel.
2 - zeikion.
3 - iquv.
4 - kebebemig.
5 - be.
6 - zovilmel.
7 - ovukbaluw.
8 - suloprensa.
9 - kagoqe.
10 - zaremlar.
11 - ipes.
12 - erkimvomib.
13 - qipabuqal.
14 - rimsuponbil.
15 - bakam.
16 - ralrebalsan.
17 - rewakem.
18 - kauwis.
19 - gumveponqin.
20 - gukiab.
21 - zasolmel go gukiab “one and twenty”.
400 - zasolmel zukelar “one fourhundred”.
401 - zasolmel zukelar zasolmel “one fourhundred one”.
800 - zeikion zukelar “two fourhundred”.
8000 - zasolmel wuqimre “one eightthousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -a.
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ep.
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ra-.
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ar.
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix pu-.
Noun to verb = Prefix ba-.
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -aw.
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -u.
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix qi-.
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ok.
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix sa-.
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix qi-.
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -e.
Augmentative = Prefix ro-