RIKAAD

LANGUAGE FAMILY: FARANG   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 5.6M / #9   SPOKEN IN: Ceweren - 2.5M / Chalornok - 1.5M / Draksineon - 500K / Aupek - 300K / Bimmentok (South) - 250K / Farakt - 200K / Cillt-Craiduk - 100K / Kaul - 100K / Azon - 100K / Msna - 50K   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

---

  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: jä tau̯p noi̯ haap tau̯p ˈdypːy jä kään tau̯p len ˈsiilka haa myyt   Pronunciation: jæ tɑu̯p noi̯ hɑːp tɑu̯p ˈdypːy jæ kæːn tɑu̯p len ˈsiːlkɑ hɑː myːt     Rikaad word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b d f fː h j k kː l lː m mː n nː p pː r rː s sː t tː ŋ ʋ/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m mː		n nː		ŋ
Stop	p pː b		t tː d		k kː
Fricative		f fː	s sː			h
Approximant		ʋ		j
Trill			r rː
Lateral approximant			l lː

  Vowel inventory: /e ei̯ eu̯ eː i ie̯ iː o oi̯ ou̯ oː u ui̯ uo̯ uː y yi̯ yø̯ yː æ æi̯ æy̯ æː ø øi̯ øy̯ ɑ ɑi̯ ɑu̯ ɑː/   Diphthongs: ei̯, eu̯, ie̯, oi̯, ou̯, ui̯, uo̯, yi̯, yø̯, æi̯, æy̯, øi̯, øy̯, ɑi̯, ɑu̯  

	Front	Back
High	i iː y yː	u uː
High-mid	e eː ø	o oː
Near-low	æ æː
Low		ɑ ɑː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: d, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, ʋ
Mid-word consonants: b, d, f, fː, h, hd, hj, hk, hm, ht, hʋ, j, k, ks, kː, l, lh, lj, lk, ll, lm, lp, lpː, lt, ltː, lʋ, lː, m, mp, mpː, mː, n, nh, np, nr, ns, nsː, nt, ntː, nː, p, ps, pt, pː, r, rh, rj, rk, rkː, rm, rp, rst, rt, rʋ, rː, s, sk, st, sː, t, tk, tn, ts, tː, ŋk, ŋkː, ʋ
Word final consonants: ks, l, n, p, rt, s, t   Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• n → ∅ / _s
• s → ʂ / _n
• k → ɡ / _#
• n → ∅ / _s
• o → e / _l
• l → d / n_
• n → ∅ / _s#
• R → ∅ / _h

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʋ	v
tː	tt
lː	ll
sː	ss
kː	kk
fː	ff
ŋ	n
æː	ää
æ	ä
yː	yy
ɑː	aa
ɑ	a
ø	ö
oː	oo
uː	uu
iː	ii
eː	ee

 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

  Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: kɑ - ka dyö̯t /kɑ dyø̯t/ doɡs

   

Definite	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -yø̯l Else: Suffix -ɑs ˈdyö̯työ̯l /ˈdyø̯tyø̯l/ the doɡ
Indefinite	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -ø Else: Suffix -o ˈdyö̯tö /ˈdyø̯tø/ a doɡ

 

Articles

  Rikaad encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.  

Pronouns

 

1st singular	too /toː/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	nau̯ /nɑu̯/ you, yours
3rd singular	tau̯p /tɑu̯p/ he, she, him, her, his, hers, it, its
1st plural	suu /suː/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	lään /læːn/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	ei̯ /ei̯/ they, them, theirs

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	too /toː/ my
2nd singular	nau̯ /nɑu̯/ your
3rd singular	tau̯p /tɑu̯p/ his, her, its
1st plural	suu /suː/ our
2nd plural	lään /læːn/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ei̯ /ei̯/ their

 

Verbs

 

	Singular	Plural
Present	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -æy̯ Else: Suffix -e ˈlyypäy̯ /ˈlyːpæy̯/ (I/you/he/she) learns	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -i Else: Suffix -ɑi̯ ˈlyypi /ˈlyːpi/ (we/they) learn
Past	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -æi̯p Else: Suffix -urt ˈlyypäi̯p /ˈlyːpæi̯p/ (I/you/he/she) learned	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -æːl Else: Suffix -ui̯n ˈlyypääl /ˈlyːpæːl/ (we/they) learned
Remote past	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -yi̯l Else: Suffix -iːks ˈlyypyi̯l /ˈlyːpyi̯l/ (I/you/he/she) learned (lonɡ aɡo)	If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -yːp Else: Suffix -ɑt ˈlyypyyp /ˈlyːpyːp/ (we/they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)

  Rikaad uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ɑ - a lyyp /ɑ lyːp/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Rikaad has a base-20 number system:   1 - ä
2 - to
3 - nun
4 - jyi̯
5 - van
6 - kei̯
7 - hei̯
8 - pöi̯
9 - ho
10 - paa
11 - taart
12 - ˈpiidoi̯
13 - ˈine
14 - ˈsöy̯rhäy̯
15 - liip
16 - ˈsynkyö̯
17 - läy̯s
18 - ˈdelpän
19 - ˈväi̯kie̯rt
20 - ˈvefä
21 - ä jä ˈvefä “one and twenty”
400 - ˈjie̯äi̯ “fourhundred”
401 - ˈjie̯äi̯ ä “fourhundred one”
800 - to ˈjie̯äi̯ “two fourhundred”
8000 - ˈiti “eightthousand”
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -iː Else: Suffix -ɑː
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -ie̯ Else: Suffix -ui̯
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -eːl Else: Suffix -ɑl
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -eːks Else: Suffix -oi̯p
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -eːl Else: Suffix -en
Noun to verb = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -in Else: Suffix -eu̯l
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -yø̯ Else: Suffix -ɑi̯
Tending to = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -yi̯ Else: Suffix -oi̯
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -eː Else: Suffix -iː
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -e Else: Suffix -ɑ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -æ Else: Suffix -e
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -eːks Else: Suffix -ɑi̯l
Diminutive = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -øy̯p Else: Suffix -en
Augmentative = If contains {æ,æː,y,eː,ie̯,æy̯,yø̯,yː,æi̯,ø,yi̯,øi̯,øy̯}: Suffix -øy̯ Else: Suffix -ɑu̯