Camerentidoc (Craft Elvish)

LANGUAGE FAMILY: TOL YLIDOC   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING:   SPOKEN IN: Bluepool, Dokeen   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

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  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: var teia o caɨa múng sú var vaa múng cíthyai gaːn cthə   Pronunciation: var ˈteia ɔ ˈkaɨa mˠuːŋg suː var ˈvaa mˠuːŋg ˈkiːhyˌai gaːn chə     Camerentidoc word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /bʲ bˠ c dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k lʲ mʲ mˠ nʲ n̪ˠ pʲ pˠ sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ŋ ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	mˠ mʲ		n̪ˠ	nʲ		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	pˠ pʲ bˠ bʲ		t̪ˠ d̪ˠ	tʲ dʲ		c ɟ	k g
Fricative		fˠ fʲ vʲ vˠ		sˠ	ʃ	ç	x	h
Tap				ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant				lʲ

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Velarized alveolar
Lateral approximant	ɫ

  Vowel inventory: /a eː ia iə iː oː uə uː ɑː ɔ əi əu ɛ ɪ ʊ/   Diphthongs: ia, iə, uə, əi, əu  

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
Near-high	ɪ	ʊ
High-mid	eː	oː
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a	ɑː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, n̪ˠ, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, t̪ˠɾˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ
Mid-word consonants: bˠ, c, dʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, h, hɾˠ, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, mˠpˠ, nʲ, nʲʃ, n̪ˠ, n̪ˠt̪ˠ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋ, ɟ, ɫ, ɫt̪ˠ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠsˠ, ɾˠɫ, ʃ, ʃtʲ
Word final consonants: dʲ, d̪ˠ, g, h, k, lʲ, mʲ, mˠ, nʲ, nʲtʲ, n̪ˠ, sˠ, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ŋg, ɟ, ɫ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾʲtʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠd̪ˠ, ɾˠtʲ, ɾˠt̪ˠ, ʃ, ʃtʲ   Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• u → v / #_
• l → n / #_V[+nasal]
• p → bh / V_V
• k → g / _{w,j}

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ca	cea
coː	ceo
cu	ciu
kɪ	coi | cai | cui
k	c
h	th
x	ch
ç	ch
ɲ	nn
^n̪ˠ	n
nʲ	n
n̪ˠ	nn
ŋg	ng
ŋ	ng
mʲ	m
mˠ	m
pʲ	p
pˠ	p
bʲ	b
bˠ	b
lʲ	l
ɫ	l
ʃa	sea
sˠɪ	sai
sˠi	suí
sˠeː	sao
ʃɔ	seo | sio
ʃo	seo
ʃu	siu
ʃ	s
sˠ	s
tʲ	te / _{a,ɑː}
tʲ	t
tʲu	tiu
t̪ˠoː	teo
t̪ˠɛ	te
t̪ˠ	t
fˠi	faoi
fˠɪ	fui
fˠuː	fiú
fˠ	f
fʲ	f
ɟ	g
ɪ	i
ɑː	á
eːɾˠ	éar
ɾˠ	r
ɾʲ	r
vˠ	bh | mh
vʲ	bh
d̪ˠ	d
dʲ	d
əi	a
eː	é
ɛ	ei
ɔ	o
oː	ó
iː	í
uː	ú
iə	ia
əu	ai
uə	ua
ʊ	u

 

Grammar

  Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

  Nouns have three cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Nominative	No affix gei /ˈgei/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix ga- gagei /ˈgagei/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix uː- úgei /ˈuːgei/ dogʼs

   

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix	No affix ðiai /ˈðɪai/ woman
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑː-	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʃcɾʲ- Else: Prefix ʃcɾʲəi- scraðiai /ˈʃcɾʲəiðɪˌai/ women

 

Articles

 

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	dua /dʲuə/ the	sró /sˠɾˠoː/ a
Plural	crei /cɾʲɛ/ the	brút /bʲɾʲuːtʲ/ some

  Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

  Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

 

Pronouns

 

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st singular	so /sˠɔ/ I	sciúnn /ʃcuːn̪ˠ/ me	siúl /ʃuːlʲ/ mine
2nd singular	rír /ɾˠiːɾˠ/ you (masc)	srei /sˠɾˠɛ/ you	dru /dʲɾʲʊ/ yours
3rd singular masc	o /ɔ/ he, it	iart /iaɾˠtʲ/ him, it	ua /uə/ his, its
3rd singular fem	di /d̪ˠɪ/ she, it	ud /ʊdʲ/ her, it	ríd /ɾˠiːd̪ˠ/ hers, its
1st plural	trai /tʲɾʲəu/ we	biad /bʲiad̪ˠ/ us	crá /kɾˠɑː/ ours
2nd plural	sio /ʃɔ/ you all	chlai /xɫəu/ you all	íd /iːd̪ˠ/ yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	lir /lʲɪɾʲ/ they (masc)	stíl /sˠt̪ˠiːɫ/ them (masc)	coi /kɪ/ theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	sao /sˠeː/ they (fem)	á /ɑː/ them (fem)	grith /gɾˠɪh/ theirs (fem)

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	ann /əin̪ˠ/ my
2nd singular	símh /ʃiːvˠ/ your
3rd singular masc	múng /mˠuːŋg/ his
3rd singular fem	bei /bˠɛ/ her
1st plural	gun /ɟʊnʲ/ our
2nd plural	cá /kɑː/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	mo /mˠɔ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	thúm /huːmʲ/ their (fem)

 

Verbs

  Camerentidoc uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: dʲɾʲʊ - dru geiχa /dʲɾʲʊ ˈgeiχa/ learned

  Camerentidoc uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ciamˠ - ciam geiχa /ciamˠ ˈgeiχa/ will learn

  Progressive aspect   The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.   Camerentidoc uses a standalone particle word for progressive:  

Progressive

Particle before the verb: lʲɪ - li geiχa /lʲɪ ˈgeiχa/ is learning

  Habitual aspect   The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).   Camerentidoc uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If starts with vowel: Prefix bʲ- Else: Prefix bʲa- bageiχa /ˈbʲageˌiχa/ learns

 

Numbers

  Camerentidoc has a base-20 number system:   1 - omba
2 - binarath
3 - thoɨs
4 - ti
5 - samloo
6 - nau
7 - núnn
8 - sattoo
9 - ru
10 - ntin
11 - cónr̥oð
12 - n̥uθ
13 - θjoint
14 - ðírɨː
15 - thair
16 - ys
17 - cuthu
18 - paild
19 - sdɨdru
20 - eivr
21 - eivr varomba “twenty and one”
400 - blé “fourhundred”
401 - blé varomba “fourhundred and one”
800 - binarath blé “two fourhundred” 8000 - gɨθir “eightthousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ld Else: Suffix -ɔld
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -hla
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -tus
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix uc-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -aɨth
Noun to verb = Suffix -a
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -siv
Tending to = Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -das
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -əu
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -aith
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɛn
Diminutive = Suffix -ɨl
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -aið
Opposite = Prefix ush-