Bradocwil

LANGUAGE FAMILY: COLMERIC   # SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 30K / #79   SPOKEN IN: Bugh - 30K   Language of minority cultural group in the Rajandd province of Bugh, the Grir.   PERIOD OF USE:   SCRIPT USED:   PARENT LANGUAGE:  

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  "...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."   Translation: worr you pubheth trorrheth you tufe worr mesheth you kepu ya murr mil   Pronunciation: wɔː jaʊ ˈpuːbheth ˈtɹɔːheth jaʊ tuːf wɔː ˈmɛsheth jaʊ ˈkɛpuː jɑ mɜː mɪl     Bradocwil word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ/  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Tap				ɾ
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	ʍ w

  Vowel inventory: /aɪ aʊ eɪ iː oʊ uː æ ɑ ɑː ɔɪ ɔː ɛ ɛə ɜː ɪ ɪə ʊ ʊə ʌ/   Diphthongs: aɪ, aʊ, eɪ, oʊ, ɔɪ, ɛə, ɪə, ʊə  

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ ɑː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bj, bl, bm, bn, bs, bskj, bskɹ, bst, bstɹ, bt, bv, bz, bɹ, bɾ, bʤ, d, df, dg, dgɹ, dj, dkw, dl, dm, dn, ds, dv, dw, dɹ, dʃ, f, fj, fl, fspɹ, ft, ftl, ftw, fɹ, g, gj, gl, gm, gn, gz, gɹ, gʤ, h, j, k, kd, kf, kgɹ, kj, kl, km, kn, ks, ksf, ksk, kskj, kskl, kskw, ksm, ksp, kspl, kspɹ, kst, kstɹ, ksw, ksʧ, kt, ktf, ktl, ktɹ, kw, kz, kɹ, kʃ, kʧ, l, lb, ld, ldf, ldh, ldl, ldn, ldɹ, lf, lg, lgɹ, lj, lk, lkj, ll, lm, ln, lp, lpf, lpl, lptj, ls, lsh, lsʍ, lt, ltj, ltɹ, lv, lw, lð, lɹ, lʤ, lʧ, lθ, m, mb, mbl, mbɹ, mf, mfl, mft, mfɹ, mh, mj, ml, mn, mp, mpj, mpl, mpt, mptl, mpɹ, mpʃ, mpʧ, ms, mst, mt, mw, mz, mɹ, mʧ, mθ, n, nb, nbɹ, nd, ndj, ndl, ndm, ndɹ, nf, nfj, nfl, nfɹ, ng, ngɹ, nh, nj, nk, nkl, nkw, nkɹ, nl, nm, nn, npl, ns, nsf, nsj, nskɹ, nsl, nsm, nsp, nst, nstɹ, nt, ntl, ntm, ntɹ, nv, nw, nz, nzl, nzp, nɹ, nʃ, nʤ, nʤm, nʧ, nθj, p, pj, pl, pm, pt, pw, pɹ, pʃ, pʧ, s, sd, sf, sg, sgɹ, sj, sk, skj, skl, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spj, spl, st, stj, stl, stm, stw, stɹ, sw, sʧ, t, tb, tf, tj, tl, tm, tn, ts, tsm, tw, tɹ, v, vj, vl, vm, vn, vɹ, w, z, zb, zd, zj, zl, zm, ð, ðdɹ, ðst, ŋ, ŋg, ŋgj, ŋgl, ŋgw, ŋgɹ, ŋk, ŋkt, ŋkw, ŋkʃ, ŋkʧ, ŋl, ɹ, ɹb, ɹd, ɹf, ɹg, ɹk, ɹl, ɹm, ɹml, ɹn, ɹpl, ɹs, ɹsm, ɹt, ɹtl, ɹv, ɹʃ, ɹʤ, ɹʧ, ɹθw, ɾ, ʃ, ʃm, ʃn, ʤ, ʤm, ʤt, ʧ, ʧl, ʧm, θ, θf, θl, θɹ
Word final consonants: N/A   Phonological changes (in order of application):  

• n → ŋ / _ũ
• j → ʝ / #_V
• n → ∅ / _s
• θ → t / {p,t,k}_
• k → ç / _#
• m → f / _{n,ŋ}
• m → n / _f

  Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
kt	cked / _#
k	c / !_{ɪ,i,ɛ,e,s}
oʊC₁	oC₁e
uːC₁	uC₁e / _#
eɪC₁	aC₁e / _#
ð	ð
θ	th
ʍ	wh
ŋg	ngt
ŋk	nkse
ŋ	ngth
ʧ	ch
ʃ	sh
ɹ	r
z	s / _#
ju	u / C_
cc	cke
c	k / _#
{t,d}	ede / C_#
aʊ	ov / _#
aʊ	ou
ɔɪ	oi
ɪə	ear
ɪ	y / _#
ɪ	i
ji	ye
j	y
iː	y / _#
yy	yi / _#
y	i / #_#
ʌ	u
iː	ee
oʊ	o
ʊ	oo
ɛ	e
ɑ(ː)	a
t	tt / æ_#
l	ll / æ_#
s	ss / æ_#
z	zz / æ_#
æ	a
ʤ	j / #_
ʤ	ge / _#
ʤ	dg
ɜː	urr
ɔː	orr
uː	u
quur	quir
eə	ere

 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

 

Singular	No affix meev /miːv/ dog
Plural	Prefix jɛ- yemeev /ˈjɛmiːv/ dogs

 

Articles

 

Definite	wurr /wɜː/ the
Indefinite	woosh /wʊʃ/ a, some

 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	worr /wɔː/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	corr /kɔː/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	you /jaʊ/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	my /miː/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	squearb /skwɪəb/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	cuce /kuːk/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	yen /jɛn/ they, them, theirs

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	worr /wɔː/ my
2nd singular	corr /kɔː/ your
3rd singular masc	you /jaʊ/ his
3rd singular fem	my /miː/ her
1st plural	squearb /skwɪəb/ our
2nd plural	cuce /kuːk/ your (pl)
3rd plural	yen /jɛn/ their

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix yereheth /ˈjɛəheth/ learn
Past	Prefix ɛ- eyereheth /ˈɛjɛəheth/ learned
Remote past	Prefix ɑ- ayereheth /ˈɑjɛəheth/ learned (long ago)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix j- Else: Prefix jɑː- yayereheth /ˈjɑːjɛəheth/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Bradocwil has a base-10 number system:   1 - seem
2 - wug
3 - mit
4 - peem
5 - cuns
6 - seep
7 - yam
8 - peen
9 - mef
10 - wuyeg
11 - seem worr wuyeg “one and ten”
100 - swai “hundred”
101 - swai worr seem “hundred and one”
200 - wug swai
1000 - worrt “thousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pɪ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -mac
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ɪ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix piː-
Noun to verb = Suffix -et
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wɑ-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wɔː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix gɹ- Else: Prefix gɹæ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix dɛ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ur
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix d- Else: Prefix dɛ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fɛ-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɛ-