Rüpple

Natively known as: rypipplä /ʁyˈpɪplɛ/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
fü gach gach drerdt radt na fü gach brub drillsch jä bries küche
Pronunciation: /fʏ gaːx gaːx dʁɐt ʁaːt na fʏ gaːx bʁuːp dʁɪlʃ jɛː bʁiːs ˈkʏxeː/
Rüpple word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v x z ç ŋ ʁ ʃ ʔ ʦ ʧ χ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Stop	b p		d t			g k		ʔ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		v f	z s	ʃ	ç	x	ʁ χ	h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a aɪ̯ aʊ̯ aː e eː i iː o oː u uː y yː øː œ ɐ ɔ ɔʏ̯ ə ɛ ɛː ɪ ʊ ʏ   Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ ɔʏ̯ ?  

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː yː i y		uː u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ		ʊ
High-mid	eː øː e		oː o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ œ ɛː		ɔ
Near-low		ɐ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
v	w
p	b / _#
t	dt / _#
ks	chs
x	ch
ç	ch
ʃ	sch
ʁ	r
z	s
k	ck / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
{m,b,l,t,n,p,s}	__ / {a,e,i,o,u,œ,ɐ,ɔ,ɛ,ɪ,ʊ,ʏ}_
ŋk	nk
ŋ	ng
ʦj	ti
ʦ	zt / _#
ʦ	z
iː	ie
ɛː	ä
ɛ	ä | e
œ	ö
aʊ	au
oː	o | oh | oo
ɔʏ̯	eu
ɔ	o
aɪ	ei | ai
yː	ü
ʏ	ü
uː	u | uh
ʊ	u
aː	a
ɐ	er / !_r
ɐ	e
ɪ	i
øː	ö
ø	ö
eː	ä | äh | e | eh | ee
ə	e
ʔ
̯

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

  Nouns have both a plural affix and ‘paucal’ affix for referring to a few of something.

Nominative	No affix frenfdt /fʁənft/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix otç- Else: Prefix otça- ottchafrenfdt /otˈçafʁənft/ (verb done to) dog

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	No affix frenfdt /fʁənft/ the dog	Prefix i- ifrenfdt /ˈifʁənft/ a dog
Plural	Prefix tʁa- trafrenfdt /ˈtʁafʁənft/ the dogs	If starts with vowel: Prefix z- Else: Prefix ziː- siefrenfdt /ˈziːfʁənft/ some dogs
Paucal	If starts with vowel: Prefix kv- Else: Prefix kvə- kwefrenfdt /ˈkvəfʁənft/ the few dogs	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɛʦ- Else: Prefix ɛʦo- ezofrenfdt /ɛˈʦofʁənft/ a/some few dogs

Articles

  Rüpple encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
 

Pronouns

 

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	wau /vaʊ̯/ I	dy /dy/ me
2nd singular	matts /mats/ you	schtreu /ʃtʁɔʏ̯/ you
3rd singular masc	gach /gaːx/ he, it (masc)	hü /hyː/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	plell /plɛl/ she, it (fem)	zwa /ʦva/ her, it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	kler /kləʁ/ we (including you)	zwu /ʦvʊ/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	flillsch /flɪlʃ/ we (excluding you)	brerdt /bʁəʁt/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	schpe /ʃpə/ you all	schlerts /ʃləʁts/ you all
3rd plural	millpsdt /mɪlpst/ they	prä /pʁɛː/ them

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	wau /vaʊ̯/ my
2nd singular	matts /mats/ your
3rd singular masc	gach /gaːx/ his
3rd singular fem	pläll /plɛl/ her
1st plural inclusive	kler /kləʁ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	flillsch /flɪlʃ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	schpe /ʃpə/ your (pl)
3rd plural	millpsdt /mɪlpst/ their

Verbs

  Rüpple uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: maʊ̯gŋ - maugng deu /maʊ̯gŋ dɔʏ̯/ learned

Rüpple uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ʁɛ - re deu /ʁɛ dɔʏ̯/ will learn

Numbers

  Rüpple has a base-10 number system:   1 - wals
2 - dri
3 - schpru
4 - schwy
5 - ji
6 - sü
7 - rei
8 - plunn
9 - fells
10 - mef
100 - schi
1000 - frosstü
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -œ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ɐʁ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -iːp
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -moː
Else: Suffix -əmoː
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃti
Else: Suffix -aʃti
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -at
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -oː
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tst
Else: Suffix -ətst
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʦv-
Else: Prefix ʦvy-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɛ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -o
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ɐnf
Diminutive = Suffix -iː
Augmentative = Suffix -ə