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Crimson Knifefish

Palinurocephalus laminirostrum is a small-sized Veliculteocephalid Katatine amphibian from the Leviathan Islands.   The species is found far from the islands' shores, in the twilight zone, where it hunts smaller amphibians and cnidarovertebrates; impaling them with the jagged rostrum.   The species is among one of the few of the group that can move in reverse by switching the vacuum flux in the jet; this is only possible thanks to the movement style, not being continued but in short bursts; an evolutionary advantage used mainly to hunt.   Much like other members of its groups, P. laminirostrum uses a colour coded bioluminescence to signal an internal hierarchy; the fertile members use wavelengths most predators don't see, such as red or blue while parthenogenetic specimens use green light to be more visible, acting as a shield for the rest of the colony; what's most peculiar about the species though, is the area from which light is emitted: the gum around the teeth.   As cited above, the species has adapted to use the jets in short bursts, instead of a continued vacuum flux like in many other members of the group, giving them a more unpredictable movement pattern, closer to that of invertebrates; in the waters they are found in, where they are practically invisible, this particular adaptation is used by the animal to mimic the movement patterns of their prey's prey, luring them in through the use of the bioluminescent gum around the teeth, the reason why it's often called "the smiling dark" by local people.   Schools caught in fishermen's nets are usually from the upper depth layer of their habitat, around 200 m deep; P. laminirostrum's meat is considered of poor value but consumed especially during winter when other, more palatable, species migrated north.

Basic Information

Anatomy

  • Rostrum extending outwards in a blade with ten serrations; Fronto-Temporal plate creates a series of five horn-like structures jetting outwards, top section of the plate adorned with ten small hornlets.
 
  • Gum exposed and bioluminescent; jaw thin, especially the dentary bone.
 
  • Seven digits in the Pectoral & Dorsal I fins, six digits in the Anal I & Dorsal II fins, five digits in the Anal II fins.
 
  • Gill Tail of approximately the same height as the body, Gill Fan long and low with a very soft caudal drop.

Genetics and Reproduction

Monogamous species.   The species mates in Early Spring and Late Summer.   The active males in the group will select the mate based on an internal hierarchy on food dominance and chemical receptibility of the passive females. specimens of higher standing in the group will be the most contested.   Active males fight over females by putting on impressive light shows, flashing the gums rapidly and rhythmically, augmenting the speed of said show progressively to the point in which one of the two can't keep up anymore, these shows of light can get so fast that we need slow-motion cameras to capture it in all of its entirety.   animals defeated in this contest either take on the role of a passive female for the season or reproduce parthenogenetically; to this day we don't know what are the factors involved in this decision.   Active males defeated in a showdown don't reproduce with the winner and will have to find a mate elsewhere.   As the species is androgynous, the eggs can't be contained in the female duct as it is right next to the male genitalia; the inseminated individuals will extrude a section of the egg duct and create a mucous bubble in which the eggs will be contained; this bubble will stay attached to the parent's body until the eggs are ready to hatch.   The spawn will eat through the eggs and mucus to free themselves; hatchlings who managed to eat more of the sac are more likely to survive and have a higher chance to become active males compared to the ones who fed less from it.

Growth Rate & Stages

The young are born with overdeveloped fins for a more active swim, however they'll quickly lose membrane surface as the jet opens.   Young specimens are born with the cranial armour covering the gum, as they grow the latter will become exposed by the slight shrinking of the armour due to its partial absorption by the chondrocranium.   Loss of natal aculeus seven months from birth.

Ecology and Habitats

Meso- to Bathypelagic animal found at depths between 200 and 1.000 m.   Lives in waters where light can't reach, above fault lines especially, where the volcanic activity enriches the waters with nutrients, resulting in higher prey concentrations.

Dietary Needs and Habits

Active predator hunting smaller amphibians and cnidarovertebrates.   It lures prey with the bioluminescent gum and impales it with the jagged rostrum.

Biological Cycle

Periannial creature with few dips in activity year long.   The specific conditions of its habitat make the waters in the immediate vicinity rich of nutrients year long, contributing to a more periannial lifestyle, similar to what is seen in the tropics.

Additional Information

Social Structure

The species lives in colonies of several several dozens of specimens, with Active Males and Passive females using colour coding bioluminescence to communicate between members of the group, the outer layer of the colony is composed by the sterile, parthenogenetical, members, who use green light to be more visible than the fertile ones, acting as a shield to the rest of the colony.   As with other Pressionatatids, active males tend to be bigger than passive females.   The school will remain in an area to idle, with specimens taking turns moving out of the colony in small squadrons to hunt for food; every squadron is accompanied by a few parthenogenetics to protect them.   A healthy colony has a ratio of 3:1 between parthenogenetics and fertile specimens; in a colony only fertile specimens are counted, meaning that a 40 specimens colony has actually 160 animals in total, this is due to the fact that only mature members capable of advancing the species are of importance in assessing the animal's status.

Domestication

Very difficult to keep in captivity even for public structures due to the specific conditions they require.

Uses, Products & Exploitation

Of moderate importance to the local food markets during the winter.   They are used as Guide animals for geologists to recognize areas of high volcanic activity, especially when said volcanoes are under the critical pressure limit as they tend to flock in the water column above.

Geographic Origin and Distribution

Twilight zone of the Leviathan islands, Nuwadi Ocean.  

Perception and Sensory Capabilities

Moderately good eyesight, exceptional hearing.

Symbiotic and Parasitic organisms

Afflicted by Intestinal Tube Worms and False tooth parasites.   Sometime carriers of diseases, some of which transmittable to man if the animal is consumed raw.   Through the process of Biomagnification, they can carry high concentrations of poisonous chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide emitted by the volcanic activity in the area, which can have adverse effects on humans.
Scientific Name
Pressionatatia; Dipressioductata; Lanceomorpha; Katanichthyeoidea; Katanichthydae ; Kataninae; Veliculteocephalini; Palinurocephalus; P. laminirostrum
Lifespan
15 Years
Conservation Status
Least Concern: No measures have been taken to protect this species   Population Trend: STABLE
Average Weight
3-20 kg
Average Length
60-80 cm
Body Tint, Colouring and Marking
Ruddy-crimson upper body, blending into a light to dark grey on the belly and sides.   Rostrum and digits of the upper body blending into a very dark red towards the tip.   Gums brights blue, bioluminescent.   Upper body striped to break down the silhouette.

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