Pyeuian

Natively known as: pyeu /pʰjɯː/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
sa a wo minyae rael kan sa wo eon wing ingyeo we chae
Pronunciation: /saː aː woː miˈnjɛ ɾɛɭ kan saː woː ʌn wiŋ iːˈŋjʌ weː ʨʰɛ/
Pyeuian word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: d g h j k kʰ m n p pʰ s t tʰ w ŋ ɭ ɾ ʨ ʨʰ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n				ŋ
Stop	p pʰ	t tʰ d				k kʰ g
Affricate				ʨ ʨʰ
Fricative		s					h
Approximant					j
Tap		ɾ
Lateral approximant			ɭ

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

  Vowel inventory: a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː ɛ ɛː ɯ ɯː ʌ  

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u ɯ uː ɯː
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː	ʌ
Low	a aː

  Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
p	b / #_ !_ʰ
pʰ	p
ŋ	ng
ɭ	l
ɾ	r
ʌ	eo
ɯ(ː)	eu
ɛ(ː)	ae
j	y
ː
tʰ	t
kʰ	k
ʨʰ	ch
ʨ	j

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix ne- nekik /neˈkiːk/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix pj- Else: Prefix pja- byakik /pjaˈkiːk/ (verb done to) dog

 

Singular	Prefix pe- bekik /peˈkiːk/ dog
Plural	Prefix tʰa- takik /tʰaˈkiːk/ dogs

 

Articles

 

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	su /suː/ the	tae /tɛ/ a
Plural	chwo /ʨʰwo/ the	bae /pɛː/ some

  Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

 

Pronouns

 

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	kwik /kwiːk/ I	jong /ʨoŋ/ me
2nd singular	beo /pʌ/ you	ka /ka/ you
3rd singular masc	a /aː/ he, it (masc)	kwip /kwip/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	nyi /nji/ she, it (fem)	kong /koːŋ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	po /pʰo/ we	chit /ʨʰit/ us
2nd plural	wol /woːɭ/ you all	mo /mo/ you all
3rd plural	sae /sɛ/ they	kweu /kwɯː/ them

 

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	na /na/ my
2nd singular	wi /wiː/ your
3rd singular masc	wo /woː/ his
3rd singular fem	ken /ken/ her
1st plural	cho /ʨʰo/ our
2nd plural	chol /ʨʰoɭ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	kyae /kjɛ/ their

 

Verbs

 

	Present	Past
Singular	Prefix hɯː- heukwin /hɯːˈkwiːn/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn(s)	If starts with vowel: Prefix iɭg- Else: Prefix iɭgʌ- ilgeokwin /iɭgʌˈkwiːn/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned
Plural	Prefix a- akwin /aˈkwiːn/ (we/you all/they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix eːmj- Else: Prefix eːmja- emyakwin /eːmjaˈkwiːn/ (we/you all/they) learned

  Pyeuian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ʨi - ji kwin /ʨi kwiːn/ will learn

 

Imperfective aspect

  The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Pyeuian uses an affix for imperfective:  

Imperfective

Prefix uː- ukwin /uːˈkwiːn/ learn

 

Numbers

  Pyeuian has a base-10 number system:   1 - teu
2 - tae
3 - teu
4 - ja
5 - po
6 - cho
7 - som
8 - we
9 - kang
10 - myeo
100 - hal
1000 - kwae
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Prefix ɛː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix e-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix mj-
Else: Prefix mjeː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mi-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix oː-
Noun to verb = Prefix o-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix oː-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix oːŋd-
Else: Prefix oːŋdʌ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʌng-
Else: Prefix ʌngaː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix nɛː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix o-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix mjoː-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix nj-
Else: Prefix nji-
Augmentative = Prefix a-