Aelnan
Writing System
Latin trascription
kw: qu
w: u
z: z
k: k (before i, e, or ɛ) or c
ʧ: c (before i, e, or ɛ) or ci
ʤ: g (before i, e, or ɛ) or gi
k: ch
ɲ: ng
ɛ: e
ɔ: o
j: i
ʣ: d (before s) or ds
ʁ and R: r
ʃ: sh
ʦ: ts
ʧ: tch
æ̞: ë
e: e
ɛ: e
ɪ: ie
o: eaux (end of word) or o
ɔ: o
ʉ: au
ʊ: eau
Phonology
Consonant inventory
/b d f g j k l m n p r s t v w z ɲ ʁ ʃ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ/
↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||
Stop | p b | t d | k g | ||||
Affricate | ʦ ʣ | ʧ ʤ | |||||
Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ | ʁ | |||
Approximant | j | ||||||
Trill | R | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
There is also the co-articulated labio-velar approximant: w, though the western most dialects realise the sound closer to the ʉ vowel.
Vowel inventory
/a e i o u æ̞ ɔ ɛ ɪ ʉ ʊ/
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | ʉ | u |
Near-high | ɪ | ʊ | |
High-mid | e | o | |
Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Low | a |
Morphology
When the noun is the subject of a sentence or is just mentioned in a neutral form, the nominative is used. The object form is, naturally, used when the noun is the object of a sentence (including for passive voice). A noun it's genitive (possessive) form ignores it's part-of-speech. The instrumental form indicates that the noun is the performer of a certain action. This isn't used for the subject of regular sentences but rather for extended noun phrases. For instance, oltcionneaux (tree-growing) indicates that it's the tree that's doing the growing, not an external force.
Aëdelan has two forms that act as gender: animate and inanimate. In some cases, which category a word falls into but not every time. XXXX (human) is animate and irm (building) is inanimate. But it might be less obvious that XXXX (statue) is animate. The reasoning is often rooted in historical linguistics and cultural interpretations. Which is also why closely related languages might assign genders differently.
Nominative
Animate | Inanimate | |
---|---|---|
Singular | No affix quelmbiie /ˈkwelmbjɪ/ dog | No affix oltcio /ˈoltʧo/ tree |
Plural | Add -i after a consonant, or -ni after a vowel. quelmbiieni /ˈkwelmbjɪni/ dogs | An ending frontal vowel turns into -enni /ɛnni/ while words ending in other vowels add -ni, and wods ending in a consonant add -ei /ɛi/. oltcio /ˈoltʧo/ trees |
Object
Animate | Inanimate | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Add -il at the end unless the word already ends in two vowels, in which case, add -d instead. quelmbiieil /ˈkwelmbjɪil/ to the dog | Add the suffix -il. If the word ends in a vowel, remove it first. oltcil /ˈoltʧil/ to the tree |
Plural | Add -ili after a consonant, or -li after a vowel. quelmbiieli /ˈkwelmbjɪli/ to the dogs | Add -ili after a consonant, or -li after a vowel. oltcioli /ˈoltʧoli/ to the trees |
Posessive
Animate | Inanimate | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Add -o /ɔ/ after a consonant, or -no /nɔ/ after a vowel. quelmbiieneaux /ˈkwelmbjɪnɔ/ dog's | Add -o /ɔ/ after a consonant, or -no /nɔ/ after a vowel. oltcioneaux /ˈoltʧonɔ/ tree's |
Plural | Add -ino /inɔ/ after a consonant, or nio /niɔ/ after a vowel. quelmbiienio /ˈkwelmbjɪˌniɔ/ dogs' | Add -eaux /o/ if the word already ends in a consonant, or -neaux /no/ if it doesn't. oltcioneaux /ˈoltʧono/ trees' |
Instrumental
Animate | Inanimate | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Add -ido /idɔ/ after a consonant, or -do /dɔ/ after a vowel. quelmbiiedeaux /ˈkwelmbjɪdɔ/ by the dog | Add -idi after a consonant, or -dio /diɔ/ after a vowel. oltciodio /ˈoltʧoˌdiɔ/ by the tree |
Plural | Add -idi after a consonant, or -ndi after a vowel. quelmbiiendi /ˈkwelmbjɪndi/ by the dogs | Add -inno /innɔ/ after a consonant, or -nno /nnɔ/ after a vowel. oltcionneaux /ˈoltʧonnɔ/ by the trees |
Adjectives & Adverbs
Both adjectives and adverbs are conjugated for comparative (more) and superlative (most). Adjectives must also reflect the number of the noun the modify.
Adjectives
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Positive | Prefix pjʉ- piauuverd /ˈpjʉuverd/ red | Prefix dʉ- dauuverd /ˈdʉuverd/ red things |
Comparative | Prefix tʁɛ- treuverd /ˈtʁɛuverd/ redder | Prefix bɔ- bouverd /ˈbɔuverd/ redder things |
Superlative | Prefix pʊ- peauuverd /ˈpʊuverd/ reddest | Prefix ʁʊ- reauuverd /ˈʁʊuverd/ the reddest things |
Adverbs
Positive | Prefix ge- |
---|---|
Compatative | Prefix nʉ- |
Superlative | Prefix dæ̞- |
Vocabulary
Pronouns
Pronouns have a nominative, object, and genitive form just like nouns, however they don't have an instrumental one. The 2nd and 3rd person plural respectively can be used for a single individual as a mark of respect.
Nominative | Objective | Genetive | |
---|---|---|---|
1st singular | ge /ʤɛ/ I | ton /ton/ me | gran /gʁan/ my, mine |
2nd singular | ca͡en /ˈkaɛn/ you | in /in/ to you | ë /æ̞/ your |
3rd singular | reau /rʊ/ he, she, it | ëc /æ̞k/ him, her, it | fa /fa/ his, hers, its |
1st plural | daqu /dakw/ we | bel /bel/ us | ciem /kjɛm/ ours |
2nd plural | tse /ʦɛ/ you all | iec /ɪk/ to you all | om /ɔm/ yours all |
3rd plural | stotr /stotr/ they | strëd /stʁæ̞d/ them | ciarm /kjaʁm/ theirs |
Tenses
Verbs are conjugated for tense and modality. The tenses used are plus perfect (e.g. has written), past (e.g. wrote), present (e.g. write), and future tense (e.g. will write). Mood is normally imperaticve, but can be conditional (e.g. deadly if eaten), or be used for dependent clauses using a subjunctive form (e.g. [I suggest] he eat an apple). The imperative is also used for indicative.
Imperative | Conditional | Subjunctive | |
---|---|---|---|
Plus perfect | Prefix ja- ialortu /ˈjaloʁtu/ they should be learning in the future | Prefix se- selortu /ˈseloʁtu/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -ɪʧ lortuieci /ˈloʁtuɪʧ/ they should be learning in the future |
Past | Suffix -ʉ lortuau /ˈloʁtuʉ/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -ɔ lortuo /ˈloʁtuɔ/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -ɛ lortue /ˈloʁtuɛ/ they should be learning in the future |
Present | Suffix -u lortuu /ˈloʁtuu/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -emb lortuemb /ˈloʁtuemb/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -ʉst lortuaust /ˈloʁtuʉst/ they should be learning in the future |
Future | Suffix -i lortui /ˈloʁtui/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -ɔ lortuo /ˈloʁtuɔ/ they should be learning in the future | Suffix -o lortuo /ˈloʁtuo/ they should be learning in the future |
Irregular Verbs
There are a vew irregular verbs that follow a different pattern. These are giënsa (to be), esheciev (to go), and paust (to want or desire).
Be
Imperative | Conditional | Subjunctive | |
---|---|---|---|
Plus perfect | asti /ˈasti/ had been | vaveaush /ˈvavʊʃ/ if it were | onu /ˈɔnu/ |
Past | ens /ɛns/ was, were | elaring /ˈɛlaʁiɲ/ | eprovëc /ˈɛpʁovæ̞k/ |
Present | eni /ˈɛni/ is | piotre /ˈpjotre/ | ovrceaux /ˈɔvrkɔ/ |
Future | botsie /ˈbotsɪ/ will be | stronnedgiiets /ˈstʁɔnnedʤɪts/ | unt /unt/ |
Go
Imperative | Conditional | Subjunctive | |
---|---|---|---|
Plus perfect | eaurmeaux /ˈʊʁmɔ/ had gone | itteaundom /ˈittʊndom/ if it had gone | iettie /ˈɪttɪ/ |
Past | fruzge /ˈfʁuzge/ went | perte /ˈpɛʁtɛ/ | ogombiuc /ˈogɔmbjuk/ |
Present | iende /ˈɪnde/ going | beltr /bɛltr/ | e /e/ |
Future | lesie /ˈlesjɛ/ will go | er /ɛʁ/ | trezstreaux /ˈtʁɛzstro/ |
Want
Imperative | Conditional | Subjunctive | |
---|---|---|---|
Plus perfect | etsh /etʃ/ had wanted | voringi /ˈvoʁjngi/ | tintre /ˈtintrɛ/ |
Past | ietstri /ˈɪtstri/ wanted | av /av/ | irmbeaux /ˈiʁmbɔ/ |
Present | autshi /ˈʉtʃi/ wants | scochert /ˈskɔkeʁt/ | of /of/ |
Future | domp /dɔmp/ will want | ë /æ̞/ | quiv /kwiv/ |
Sentence Structure
Main word order is Subject Verb Object. For a prepositional phrase "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Structural Markers
Articles
If a word or phrase is stated on its own, or for stylistic purposes, the article can be dropped as long as definite or indefinite form is clear in context. For instance "Book of Shadows" in English doesn't need "a" or "the" for the meaning to be clear.
Definite | Indefinite | |
---|---|---|
Singular | le /le/ the | de /de/ a / an |
Plural | lier/lɪr/ the | dier /dɪr/ some |
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