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Aelnan

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Writing System

Latin trascription

ɡ: g
kw: qu
w: u
z: z
k: k (before i, e, or ɛ) or c
ʧ: c (before i, e, or ɛ) or ci
ʤ: g (before i, e, or ɛ) or gi
k: ch
ɲ: ng
ɛ: e
ɔ: o
j: i
ʣ: d (before s) or ds
ʁ and R: r
ʃ: sh
ʦ: ts
ʧ: tch
æ̞: ë
e: e
ɛ: e
ɪ: ie
o: eaux (end of word) or o
ɔ: o
ʉ: au
ʊ: eau

Phonology

Consonant inventory

/b d f g j k l m n p r s t v w z ɲ ʁ ʃ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→BilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarUvular
Nasalmnɲ
Stopp bt dk g
Affricateʦ ʣʧ ʤ
Fricativef vs zʃʁ
Approximantj
TrillR
Lateral approximantl

There is also the co-articulated labio-velar approximant: w, though the western most dialects realise the sound closer to the ʉ vowel.

Vowel inventory

/a e i o u æ̞ ɔ ɛ ɪ ʉ ʊ/

FrontCentralBack
Highiʉu
Near-highɪʊ
High-mideo
Low-midɛɔ
Lowa

Morphology

When the noun is the subject of a sentence or is just mentioned in a neutral form, the nominative is used. The object form is, naturally, used when the noun is the object of a sentence (including for passive voice). A noun it's genitive (possessive) form ignores it's part-of-speech. The instrumental form indicates that the noun is the performer of a certain action. This isn't used for the subject of regular sentences but rather for extended noun phrases. For instance, oltcionneaux (tree-growing) indicates that it's the tree that's doing the growing, not an external force.

Aëdelan has two forms that act as gender: animate and inanimate. In some cases, which category a word falls into but not every time. XXXX (human) is animate and irm (building) is inanimate. But it might be less obvious that XXXX (statue) is animate. The reasoning is often rooted in historical linguistics and cultural interpretations. Which is also why closely related languages might assign genders differently.

Nominative

[thead][/thead] [tbody][/tbody]
AnimateInanimate
SingularNo affix
quelmbiie /ˈkwelmbjɪ/
dog
No affix
oltcio /ˈoltʧo/
tree
PluralAdd -i after a consonant, or -ni after a vowel.
quelmbiieni /ˈkwelmbjɪni/
dogs
An ending frontal vowel turns into -enni /ɛnni/ while words ending in other vowels add -ni, and wods ending in a consonant add -ei /ɛi/.
oltcio /ˈoltʧo/
trees

Object

AnimateInanimate
SingularAdd -il at the end unless the word already ends in two vowels, in which case, add -d instead.
quelmbiieil /ˈkwelmbjɪil/
to the dog
Add the suffix -il. If the word ends in a vowel, remove it first.
oltcil /ˈoltʧil/
to the tree
PluralAdd -ili after a consonant, or -li after a vowel.
quelmbiieli /ˈkwelmbjɪli/
to the dogs
Add -ili after a consonant, or -li after a vowel.
oltcioli /ˈoltʧoli/
to the trees

Posessive

AnimateInanimate
SingularAdd -o /ɔ/ after a consonant, or -no /nɔ/ after a vowel.
quelmbiieneaux /ˈkwelmbjɪnɔ/
dog's
Add -o /ɔ/ after a consonant, or -no /nɔ/ after a vowel.
oltcioneaux /ˈoltʧonɔ/
tree's
PluralAdd -ino /inɔ/ after a consonant, or nio /niɔ/ after a vowel.
quelmbiienio /ˈkwelmbjɪˌniɔ/
dogs'
Add -eaux /o/ if the word already ends in a consonant, or -neaux /no/ if it doesn't.
oltcioneaux /ˈoltʧono/
trees'

Instrumental

AnimateInanimate
SingularAdd -ido /idɔ/ after a consonant, or -do /dɔ/ after a vowel.
quelmbiiedeaux /ˈkwelmbjɪdɔ/
by the dog
Add -idi after a consonant, or -dio /diɔ/ after a vowel.
oltciodio /ˈoltʧoˌdiɔ/
by the tree
PluralAdd -idi after a consonant, or -ndi after a vowel.
quelmbiiendi /ˈkwelmbjɪndi/
by the dogs
Add -inno /innɔ/ after a consonant, or -nno /nnɔ/ after a vowel.
oltcionneaux /ˈoltʧonnɔ/
by the trees

Adjectives & Adverbs

Both adjectives and adverbs are conjugated for comparative (more) and superlative (most). Adjectives must also reflect the number of the noun the modify.

Adjectives

SingularPlural
PositivePrefix pjʉ-
piauuverd /ˈpjʉuverd/
red
Prefix dʉ-
dauuverd /ˈdʉuverd/
red things
ComparativePrefix tʁɛ-
treuverd /ˈtʁɛuverd/
redder
Prefix bɔ-
bouverd /ˈbɔuverd/
redder things
SuperlativePrefix pʊ-
peauuverd /ˈpʊuverd/
reddest
Prefix ʁʊ-
reauuverd /ˈʁʊuverd/
the reddest things

Adverbs

PositivePrefix ge-
CompatativePrefix nʉ-
SuperlativePrefix dæ̞-

Vocabulary

Pronouns

Pronouns have a nominative, object, and genitive form just like nouns, however they don't have an instrumental one. The 2nd and 3rd person plural respectively can be used for a single individual as a mark of respect.

NominativeObjectiveGenetive
1st singularge /ʤɛ/
I
ton /ton/
me
gran /gʁan/
my, mine
2nd singularca͡en /ˈkaɛn/
you
in /in/
to you
ë /æ̞/
your
3rd singularreau /rʊ/
he, she, it
ëc /æ̞k/
him, her, it
fa /fa/
his, hers, its
1st pluraldaqu /dakw/
we
bel /bel/
us
ciem /kjɛm/
ours
2nd pluraltse /ʦɛ/
you all
iec /ɪk/
to you all
om /ɔm/
yours all
3rd pluralstotr /stotr/
they
strëd /stʁæ̞d/
them
ciarm /kjaʁm/
theirs

Tenses

Verbs are conjugated for tense and modality. The tenses used are plus perfect (e.g. has written), past (e.g. wrote), present (e.g. write), and future tense (e.g. will write). Mood is normally imperaticve, but can be conditional (e.g. deadly if eaten), or be used for dependent clauses using a subjunctive form (e.g. [I suggest] he eat an apple). The imperative is also used for indicative.

ImperativeConditionalSubjunctive
Plus perfectPrefix ja-
ialortu /ˈjaloʁtu/
they should be learning in the future
Prefix se-
selortu /ˈseloʁtu/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -ɪʧ
lortuieci /ˈloʁtuɪʧ/
they should be learning in the future
PastSuffix -ʉ
lortuau /ˈloʁtuʉ/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -ɔ
lortuo /ˈloʁtuɔ/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -ɛ
lortue /ˈloʁtuɛ/
they should be learning in the future
PresentSuffix -u
lortuu /ˈloʁtuu/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -emb
lortuemb /ˈloʁtuemb/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -ʉst
lortuaust /ˈloʁtuʉst/
they should be learning in the future
FutureSuffix -i
lortui /ˈloʁtui/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -ɔ
lortuo /ˈloʁtuɔ/
they should be learning in the future
Suffix -o
lortuo /ˈloʁtuo/
they should be learning in the future

Irregular Verbs

There are a vew irregular verbs that follow a different pattern. These are giënsa (to be), esheciev (to go), and paust (to want or desire).

Be

ImperativeConditionalSubjunctive
Plus perfectasti /ˈasti/
had been
vaveaush /ˈvavʊʃ/
if it were
onu /ˈɔnu/
Pastens /ɛns/
was, were
elaring /ˈɛlaʁiɲ/
eprovëc /ˈɛpʁovæ̞k/
Presenteni /ˈɛni/
is
piotre /ˈpjotre/
ovrceaux /ˈɔvrkɔ/
Futurebotsie /ˈbotsɪ/
will be
stronnedgiiets /ˈstʁɔnnedʤɪts/
unt /unt/

Go

ImperativeConditionalSubjunctive
Plus perfecteaurmeaux /ˈʊʁmɔ/
had gone
itteaundom /ˈittʊndom/
if it had gone
iettie /ˈɪttɪ/
Pastfruzge /ˈfʁuzge/
went
perte /ˈpɛʁtɛ/
ogombiuc /ˈogɔmbjuk/
Presentiende /ˈɪnde/
going
beltr /bɛltr/
e /e/
Futurelesie /ˈlesjɛ/
will go
er /ɛʁ/
trezstreaux /ˈtʁɛzstro/

Want

ImperativeConditionalSubjunctive
Plus perfectetsh /etʃ/
had wanted
voringi /ˈvoʁjngi/
tintre /ˈtintrɛ/
Pastietstri /ˈɪtstri/
wanted
av /av/
irmbeaux /ˈiʁmbɔ/
Presentautshi /ˈʉtʃi/
wants
scochert /ˈskɔkeʁt/
of /of/
Futuredomp /dɔmp/
will want
ë /æ̞/
quiv /kwiv/

Sentence Structure

Main word order is Subject Verb Object. For a prepositional phrase "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.

Structural Markers

Articles

If a word or phrase is stated on its own, or for stylistic purposes, the article can be dropped as long as definite or indefinite form is clear in context. For instance "Book of Shadows" in English doesn't need "a" or "the" for the meaning to be clear.

DefiniteIndefinite
Singularle /le/
the
de /de/
a / an
Plurallier/lɪr/
the
dier /dɪr/
some

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