Muioft

Natively known as: muioft /ˈmœy̯ɔft/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
me zvo bak ang nuilf ij me zvo sted brohad slie sprak eeng
Pronunciation: /mə zvoː bɑk ɑŋ nœy̯lf ɛi̯ mə zvoː stɛt ˈbrɔhat sli spraːk eːŋ /
Halfling word order: and his hat holding stood he and his wet face the wind to turned
 

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b d f j k l m n p r s t v x z ŋ ɣ ɦ ʋ
 

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ŋ
Stop	b p		d t		k
Fricative		v f	z s		ɣ x	ɦ
Approximant		ʋ		j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

  Vowel inventory: aː eː i oː u y øː œy̯ ɑ ɑu̯ ɔ ə ɛ ɛi̯ ɪ ʏ
  Diphthongs: œy̯ ɑu̯ ɛi̯ ?
 

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u
Near-high	ɪ ʏ
High-mid	eː øː		oː
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low	aː		ɑ

  Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
  Sound changes (in order of application):
 

• nɣ → ŋ
• ɣ → g
• ʋ → v
• ɦ → h
• ŋkt → t
• rxt → rt
• xt → hat

  Spelling rules:
 

Pronunciation	Spelling
sx	sch
x	g / _#
x	ch
ʋ	w
p	b / _#
t	d / _#
d	t / C_#
ɣ	g
ɦ	h
ŋk	ng
ŋ	ng
yu	uw
u	oe / !_w
ɑoe̯	ou
eː	ee
aː	a
ɑ	a
oː	o
ɛi̯	ij / _#
ɛi̯	ei
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
i	ie / C_#
œy̯	ui
ɪ	i
ʏ	u
y	u
øː	eu
ə	e
̯

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb Subject. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into The door with a key opened mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
 

Nouns

 

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix spreun /sprøːn/ the dog	If starts with vowel: Prefix əʋ- Else: Prefix əʋɛ- evespreun /əˈvɛsprøːn/ the dogs
Indefinite	If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tə- tespreun /ˈtəsprøːn/ a dog	Prefix ɛ- espreun /ˈɛsprøːn/ some dogs

 

Articles

  Halfling encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	eift /ɛi̯ft/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	zui /zœy̯/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ij /ɛi̯/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	scheehad /ˈsxeːhat/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural	kve /kvɛ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	lan /laːn/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	volf /vɔlf/ they, them, theirs

 

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	vokt /vɔkt/ my
2nd singular	uirt /œy̯rt/ your
3rd singular masc	zvo /zvoː/ his
3rd singular fem	dreehad /ˈdreːhat/ her
1st plural	bud /byt/ our
2nd plural	tvint /tvɪnt/ your (pl)
3rd plural	roe /ru/ their

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix vroed /vrut/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɦ- Else: Prefix ɦʏ- huvroed /ˈhʏvrut/ learned
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vɔ- vovroed /ˈvɔvrut/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Halfling has a base-10 number system:
  1 - u
2 - pu
3 - tong
4 - tart
5 - meek
6 - vlist
7 - renden
8 - gad
9 - kvans
10 - schrus
100 - poer
1000 - pant

 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix st-
Else: Prefix stʏ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ufx-
Else: Prefix ufxɑ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix mɪ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pœy̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix plaː-
Noun to verb = Prefix jɛ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix kʋ-
Else: Prefix kʋeː-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix pɔ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix bɔ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix pri-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ə-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix z-
Else: Prefix zə-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix bl-
Else: Prefix bleː-
Augmentative = Prefix ɪ-
Language of = Prefix mœy̯-