Khodok

Natively known as: skhvebl /sxveblʲ/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ve pus snostr pi kti zdop ve uspalk kti tsvuch shchisk shti fskugi
Pronunciation: /ve pus snostr pi kti zdop ve usˈpalk kti ʦvʲuʨ ɕːisk ʂti fskuˈgi/
Khodok word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b bʲ d dʲ f fʲ g j k l lʲ m mʲ n nʲ p pʲ r rʲ s sʲ t tʲ v vʲ x z zʲ ɕː ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː ʦ ʨ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m mʲ		n nʲ
Stop	p pʲ b bʲ		t tʲ d dʲ				k g
Affricate			ʦ		ʨ
Fricative		f fʲ v vʲ	s sʲ z zʲ	ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː	ɕː		x
Approximant						j
Trill			r rʲ
Lateral approximant			l lʲ

  Vowel inventory: a e i o u  

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

  Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʨ	ch
x	kh
ʐ	zh
ʂ	sh
ʦ	ts
ʲ
ɕː	shch

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

 

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix achuj /aˈʨuj/ the dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -aj achujaj /aʨuˈjaj/ the dogs
Indefinite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -sʲtʲ Else: Suffix -esʲtʲ achujest /aʨuˈjesʲtʲ/ a dog	Suffix -u achuju /aʨuˈju/ some dogs

 

Articles

  Khodok encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	shosh /ʂoʂ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	gi /gi/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	pus /pus/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	zdri /zdri/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	stro /stro/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	kram /kram/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	smekh /smʲex/ they, them, theirs

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	khrurt /xrurtʲ/ my
2nd singular	blo /blo/ your
3rd singular masc	kti /kti/ his
3rd singular fem	fslo /fsʲlʲo/ her
1st plural	spri /sprʲi/ our
2nd plural	slo /sʲlʲo/ your (pl)
3rd plural	kto /kto/ their

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix le /le/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lp Else: Suffix -ilp lelp /lelp/ learned
Future	Suffix -onkt leonkt /leˈonkt/ will learn

 

Numbers

  Khodok has a base-10 number system:   1 - stri
2 - du
3 - rosk
4 - siz
5 - dek
6 - pu
7 - atnilm
8 - sti
9 - nror
10 - dlin
Hundred - ut
Thousand - sne  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -o
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -aʦ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -u
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -in
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lʲ
Else: Suffix -olʲ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -al
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -okst
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lne
Else: Suffix -elne
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -i
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʲ
Else: Suffix -itʲ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sk
Else: Suffix -usk
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -at
Diminutive = Suffix -ix
Augmentative = Suffix -e