Thresh

Natively known as: zhunů /ˈʒuːnʌ/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
dhay shoun lâ yås shoun pith dhay ser shoun rul wål oi joi
Pronunciation: /ðeɪ̯ ʃaʊ̯n lɜː jɑs ʃaʊ̯n piːθ ðeɪ̯ sɛɹ ʃaʊ̯n ɹuːl wɑl ɔɪ̯ ʤɔɪ̯/
Thresh word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n			ŋ
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Lateral approximant				l

  Co-articulated phonemes  

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

  Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ ʌ   Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯  

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ

  Syllable structure: (C)V
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
aɪ̯	ie
aʊ̯	ou
eɪ̯	ay
iː	i
uː	u
æ	a
ɛ	e
ɔː	o
ɔɪ̯	oi
ɪ	î
ʊ	û
ɜː	â
ʌ	ů
ɑ	å
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ŋ	ng
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
Vː	VV
̯

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

 

Articles

  Thresh has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	tun /tuːn/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	deng /dɛŋ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	shoun /ʃaʊ̯n/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	mûb /mʊb/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neuter	rûb /ɹʊb/ it, its
1st plural	loi /lɔɪ̯/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	doû /doʊ̯/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	rå /ɹɑ/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	mû /mʊ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neuter	nûm /nʊm/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

 

Possessive determiners

 

1st singular	tun /tuːn/ my
2nd singular	deng /dɛŋ/ your
3rd singular masc	shoun /ʃaʊ̯n/ his
3rd singular fem	mûb /mʊb/ her
3rd singular neuter	rûb /ɹʊb/ its
1st plural	loi /lɔɪ̯/ our
2nd plural	doû /doʊ̯/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	rå /ɹɑ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	mû /mʊ/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	nûm /nʊm/ their (neut)

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix dûshpû /ˈdʊʃpʊ/ learn
Past	Prefix mɔː- modûshpû /mɔːˈdʊʃpʊ/ learned
Remote past	Prefix zɪ- zîdûshpû /zɪˈdʊʃpʊ/ learned (long ago)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix w- Else: Prefix wuː- wudûshpû /wuːˈdʊʃpʊ/ will learn

 

Progressive aspect

  The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Thresh uses an affix for progressive:  

Progressive

If starts with vowel: Prefix ʒ- Else: Prefix ʒæ- zhadûshpû /ʒæˈdʊʃpʊ/ is learning

 

Habitual aspect

  The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Thresh uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: oʊ̯ - oû dûshpû /oʊ̯ ˈdʊʃpʊ/ learns

 

Numbers

  Thresh has a base-10 number system:   1 - sû
2 - dhå
3 - zheth
4 - ûch
5 - dhî
6 - zîngbou
7 - deg
8 - yå
9 - yîs
10 - jou
Hundred - yû
Thousand - may  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɹ-
Else: Prefix ɹæ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix θæ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p-
Else: Prefix piː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix dɛ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix w-
Else: Prefix wʌ-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʒ-
Else: Prefix ʒuː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix θʌ-
Tending to = Prefix mɔɪ̯-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ð-
Else: Prefix ðɑ-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tɔɪ̯-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix wɑ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix d-
Else: Prefix dɑ-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix sɔɪ̯-
Augmentative = Prefix uː-