Ándo, Language of the Ándoian

Natively known as: ándo /ánˈdo/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ním ke fáthe ny á sulenge ním sá á veckate aclo ríngr vy
Pronunciation: /ním ke fátˈhe ny á sulenˈge ním sá á vekkaˈte æˈklo ríngr vy/
Ándoian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v z  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d		k g
Fricative		f v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a á e é i í o ó u ú ǔ y æ œ  

	Front	Back
High	i í y	u ǔ ú
High-mid	e é	o ó
Low-mid	œ
Near-low	æ
Low	a á

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
kt	cked / _#
k	c / !_{ɪ,i,ɛ,e,s}
oʊ̯C₁	oC₁e / _#
uːC₁	uC₁e / _#
eɪ̯C₁	aC₁e / _#
eɪ̯	ay / _#
eɪ̯	a
ð	th
θ	th
ʍ	wh
ŋg	ng
ŋ{k,c}	nk
ŋ	ng
ʧ	ch
ʃ	sh
ɹ	r
z	s / _#
ju	u / C_
cc	ck
c	k / _#
{t,d}	ed / C_#
aʊ̯	ow / _#
aʊ̯	ou
ʊə̯	ou
ɔɪ̯	oi
ɪə̯	ear
aɪ̯	i
ɪ	y / _#
ɪ	i
ji	yi
j	y
iː	y / _#
yy	yi / _#
y	i / #_#
ʌ	u
iː	ee
oʊ̯	o
ʊ	oo
ɛ	e
ɑ(ː)	a
t	tt / æ_#
l	ll / æ_#
s	ss / æ_#
z	zz / æ_#
æ	a
ʤ	j / #_
ʤ	ge / _#
ʤ	dg
ɜː	ur
ɔː	or
uː	u
quur	quir
eə̯	ere

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

 

Singular	No affix venn /venn/ dog
Plural	Prefix ga- gavenn /gaˈvenn/ dogs

Articles

 

Definite	ó /ó/ the
Indefinite	nór /nór/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.

  Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

 

Pronouns

 

1st singular	stóthr /stóthr/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	syr /syr/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ke /ke/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	e /e/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural	mú /mú/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	há /há/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	vir /vir/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	vut /vut/ my
2nd singular	derl /derl/ your
3rd singular masc	á /á/ his
3rd singular fem	dú /dú/ her
1st plural	e /e/ our
2nd plural	va /va/ your (pl)
3rd plural	skí /skí/ their

Verbs

 

Present	No affix goted /gott/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix fj- Else: Prefix fjí- fyígoted /fjíˈgott/ learned
Future	Prefix e- egoted /eˈgott/ will learn

Numbers

  Ándoian has a base-10 number system:   1 - fyr
2 - sí
3 - me
4 - el
5 - muthr
6 - kete
7 - sumr
8 - ress
9 - be
10 - veí
100 - yengr
1000 - bé
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -erl
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ætt
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ír
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -er
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -er
Noun to verb = Suffix -endr
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nn
Else: Suffix -ann
Tending to = Suffix -ó
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ir
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rr
Else: Suffix -err
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix æ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -o
Diminutive = Prefix e-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ur