Medieval Job Glossary

AbbessMother SuperiorHead of convent
Abbot Head of a monastic house
Abbot Primate Abbot-General Head of a monastic order
Able Seaman Sailor on a merchant ship
Academic Scholar at university
Accoucheur Professional obstetrician medical doctor
Accountant Accomptant, Actuary, Administrator, Bookkeeper, Comptroller Handles business accounts
Accouterments Maker Makes military accessories
Acolyte Highest rank in minor order clerics or young person in a religious order or a witch in training
Acrobat Tumbler An entertainer
Actor Mummer, Player, Thespian Theatrical performer whom acted in mystery plays
Administrator/Rix Directs affairs of others
Admiral Commands a fleet of ships
Advowee Nobleman who has the right to grant parish to a cleric
Agister Forester who oversees forest’s pigs and cattle with four agisters per woods; administers pasture land for others
Alabasterer Alabaster carver
Alchemist Medieval chemist
Alchemist’s Assistant Lungs, Neophyte Apprentice who fans the fire
Alderman Ealdorman Head of a shire guild or town ward
Alderman’s Assistant Scabin Alderman’s assistant rural
Ale Seller Ale Draper Ale merchant
Ale Taster Ale Founder, Ale Conner Official who inspects ale and beer
Ale Tunner Fills ale casks tuns
Ale-House Keeper Owns a tavern pub or inn
Ale-Wife Woman keeps an alehouse or tavern
Alien Foreigner, Outsider, Stranger Person from outside the community
Almoner Distributes alms or charity to the poor
Alnager Inspector of woolen goods stamps them with town seal town official
Amanuensis Scribe who does dictation
Amber and Jet Cutter Cuts and polishes amber and jet for jewellery
Amber Cutter Cuts ambergris for perfumer
Ambler Breaks in horses
Anchorhold Cleric walled into church wall for life
Anchorite/Ress Solitary religious person
Anchorsmith Makes anchors for boats and ships
Angle Iron Smith Makes angle iron
Anilepman Sub-tenant on a smallholding
Animal Controller Pinder Officer who impounds stray dogs, cattle, etc,
Animal Trainer Animal Handler, Animal Master Trains animals
Ankle Beater Junior Drover Young person who helps drive cattle to market
Annato Maker Manufactures dyes for paint or printing
Anvil Smith Anvilmaker
Apostle One of Jesus’ twelve original followers
Apothacary Drugger, Pharmacist, Apothecarist, Herbalist, Simpler, Potter, Carrier Medicinal herbalist and druggist who produces and sells medicine
Apparitor Court usher who serves summons and execute orders or mace bearer or beadle of a university
Appraiser Estimates value of land
Apprentice Prentis, Tyroe Young person learning a trade to become a journeyman
Apprentice Mage Famulus, Neophyte Wizard in training
Aquafortist Etches or engraves with aqua-fortis aka nitric acid
Aquavita Seller Sells unrectified alcohol brandy, etc
Arch-Baron Baron of two or more baronies
Arch-Deacon Assists priest, may be married a priest in minor orders
Arch-Priest In the Eastern rite, not the Roman rite
Archbishop Bishop over two or more bishoprics
Archbishop Ad Personam Honorary award raising a bishop to archbishop
Archbishop Metropolitan Archbishop with his see in a city
Archdeacon Oversees church properties for bishop
Archduke Palatine Sovereign archduke
Archduke/Archduchess Noble usually of royal class
Archer Balister, Bowman, Foot Archer, Infantry Archer, Longbowman, Rover, Shooter Hunter or soldier who uses archery
Archers Of The King’s Body Guard Answers to the captain of the Yeoman of the Guard
Archil Maker Makes violet dye from lichen
Archimage Archimagus, Magister Powerful senior mage of exalted stature
Architect designs buildings, bridges etc, usually a mason
Arkwright Makes wooden chests, coffers or arks
Armiger Entitled to bear heraldic arms, thus being armigerous
Armorer Armorsmith Builds metal armor
Army Deserter Bummer One who flees military service
Arrayer Musters soldiers and provides them arms and armor
Artillerist Military ranged specialist
Artist Artist, Dauber, Delineator, Fresco Painter, Illuminator, Limner, Lluminater, Lymner, Muralist, Painter, Stainer, Steiner, Steyner, Teinter, Tinter Artist, Painter and decorator of all sorts
Artist/Engineer Not a specific position, but a class of brilliant inventors
Ashman Dustman Sweeps ashes and dust
Assassin Slayer Professional murderer
Assayer Assesses metal content in ore
Assessor Affeeror Assesses monetary penalties and collects taxes and dues
Assistant Churchwarden Sidesman Assisted the churchwarden
Assistant Glassmaker Mold Boy Apprentice glassmaker
Assistant Groom Horse Knave Apprentice groom
Assistant Huntsman Answers to the huntsman
Assistant Lacemaker Lace-Drawer Child assistant in lace work
Astrologer Claker, Weather Spy Creates horoscopes
Astronomer Studies the heavens
Attorney Advocate, Barrister, Grimbribber, Lawyer, Master Of The Law, Pleader, Proctor, Procurator, Solicitor Trained in the inns of court
Auctioneer Canting Caller, Outcrier Dealer of goods at auction
Auditor Of The Imprests Officer in the exchequer
Auditor Of The Receipt Of The Exchequer Works for the treasurer
Auger Maker Makes carpenter’s augers
Augustinian Monk Black Canon Priest in the Augustinian order
Augustinians Friar Friar in the Augustinian order
Avowry Lord of the manor
Axe-Maker Billier Makes axes
Axle Tree Maker Axle Tree Turner Makes axles for coaches and wagons
Bachelor Knight Landless knight who fights under his lord’s banner
Badgy Fiddler Military boy trumpeter
Bagger Makes bags and pouches, a hawker
Bagniokeeper Operates a bathhouse or brothel
Bailer Bails hay and wool
Bailiff Bailie, Foreman, Gaffman, Grieve, Reeve Manorial or town official, answers to steward, usually gentry or freeman, legal and administrative; Churchwarden; or administrator
Bailiff Of The Hundred Answers to the sheriff
Baker Backmann, Backster, Baxter, Beck, Becker, Furner, Pistor Makes bread and other baked goods
Balance Maker Builds balances for merchants
Ballard Master Ballast Heaver Loads ballast into empty ship holds
Baller Baller Up Assisted the potter by measuring out the balls of clay
Bandit Boothaler, Brigand, Highwayman, Marauder, Plunderer Thief who preys on travelers
Bandster Binds wheat sheaves after harvest
Bang Beggar Parish officer who drives off unwanted strangers
Banker Money changers and lenders, usually part of a banking family
Bannerette Knight Knight who rides under his own banner
Barber Hairdresser, Poller, Powler, Shearer, Tooth Drawer, Tooth Puller Cuts hair and gives shaves
Barber-Surgeon Combination of barber and surgeon who cuts hair pulls teeth performs minor surgery
Bard Minstrel, Poet, Writer Type of druid in pagan times or celebrated literary figure
Bargeman Barge Mate, Bargee, Hoy Barge Crewman, Keeler, Keelman, Raft Works on or owns a barge boat or dredge
Barkeeper Toll keeper or tavern keeper
Barker He advertises at show’s entrance or makes public announcements
Barmaid Female tavern worker
Baron/Baroness Minor noble
Baronet/Baronetess Non-hereditary noble above knight but below baron, a form of heritable unlanded knighthood
Barons Of The Cinque Court Feudal baron associated with the Cinque Ports
Barton Runs a monastic farm or grange
Basin-Beater Makes metal basins with relief decoration
Basketweaver Ripper, Rippier, Trug Maker, Trugger, Willow Plaiter Makes baskets and truggers
Bast Dresser Dressing fibre or matting
Bath Attendant Bather Attendant bather or bath owner
Batter Out Sliced a short cylinders of clay a bat from a "pug" and threw it onto a mold shaped for the face of a ceramic plate
Battledore Maker Battledore maker
Bawd Woman in charge of a brothel
Bayweaver Baizeweaver Weaves bay textiles
Bead Piercer Drills holes in beads
Beadle Hayward Half virgator peasant who answers to the reeve, exacts fines and penalties, impounds lost livestock; church ushers who preserve order at sermons
Beadman Beadsman, Bedesman Prays for his employer; inhabits an almshouse, poorhouse or hospital; manorial tenant assigned for a specific service
Bear-Ward Owns a performing bear
Beater Cleanses and thickens cloth by treading it with fullers earth
Beauti Saint responsible for two miracles after death
Bedweaver Bedwevare Made webbing for beds, a quilter
Beekeeper Apiarian, Apiarist Keeps bees
Beer Brewer Beer maker
Beer Seller Beer merchant
Beeskepmaker Skelper, Skepper, Skepperne Makes and sells beehives and beeswax products
Beggar Badger, Bairman, Bareman, Cadger, Harlot, Licensed Pauper, Pauper, Rogue, Vagabond Lives by generosity and alms of others
Beghard/Beguine Member of certain lay brotherhoods and sisterhoods
Bell Hanger Installs bells in churches
Bell Toller Knoller Rings bells
Bell-founder Belter, Billiter, Campaner Makes large church bells
Bellmaker Makes small bells
Bellows Maker Makes bellows
Beltmaker Belter Makes belts
Benedictine Monk Monk in the benedictine order
Berserker Bare Sark Norse warrior who fights in a state of brutal rage
Besswarden Parish official who oversees animals
Beverage Maker Bever Makes assorted beveridges
Bill Man Pole arm infantry
Bill Poster Billboarder Posts notices signs and advertisements
Binder Binds books, hats, etc
Bird Boy Scares away birds from crops
Bird Catcher Catches and sells birds
Bishop Diocesan bishop and head of a see
Blacksmith Ambiht-Smith, Forge Worker, Forger, Hammerer, Hammerman, Smiddy, Smith, Vulcan works iron and steel
Blacksmiths Assistant Striker Apprentice blacksmith
Blade Grinder Grinder Knife sharpener
Bladesmith Makes sword or knife blades
Bleacher Quister, Whitener, Whitester, Whitster Bleaches cloth or paper
Block Engraver Engraves blocks used for printing
Blockcutter Blocker Makes wooden blocks used in the hat trade
Bloodletter Bleeds patients for supposed health benefits
Blue Seller Runs a blue shop
Board-Hewer Produces joists and beams
Boatman Bargeman, Ferryman Provides crews for boats and barges or hires out boats
Boatswain Bosun Ship's officer in charge of riggings and sails
Boatwright Boat builder
Bodice Seller Sells bodices, stays, and corsets
Bodicemaker Bodeys, Body Maker Makes bodices for women’s garments
Bodyguard Guards client from harm
Bondager Cotter bound to render certain services to the landowner
Bone Button Turner Turned bone on lathe for buttons
Bone carver Schrimpschonger Carves in bone, ivory, or wood to make knife handles and scrimshaw
Bone Lace Maker Makes pillow lace
Book Gilder Decorates books with gold leaf
Bookbinder Bookbinder
Bookseller Stationer Book merchant also sells paper and writing implements
Boot Catcher Servant at inn who pulls off traveler's boots
Boot Polisher Polishes boots
Borreler Makes borrel textile
Bottle Maker Makes bottles
Bottom Maker Molded the bottoms for saggers for pottery
Bouncer Doorman and security at an inn or tavern
Bounty Hunter Professional man hunter
Bowdler Expurgitates iron ore
Bowler Makes bowls, dishes and the rounded part of spoons before casting
Bowlminder Oversees wool washing vats
Bowyer Artillator, Bowyer/Fletcher, Longbowmaker Makes bows and archery equipment
Box Maker Builds boxes
Bracermaker Braeler Makes bracers
Brazier Brasier, Brownsmith, Latoner, Lattener Worker in brass and latten
Brewer/Ster Malster Beer maker
Brick Baker Brickendon, Bricker Brick maker
Bricklayer Brick mason
Brickmaker Moulder Molds bricks
Bridge Beedle Administrative officer of a bridge
Bridge Superintendant Bridge beadle
Bridger Bridge dweller
Broker Curretter Various types of merchant and agents
Bronze Sculptor Bronze sculptor
Bronzefounder Smelts bronze
Bronzesmith Brownsmith Works in and casts bronze
Broochmaker Makes brooches
Broom-Maker Besom Maker, Broom Squire, Broom-Dasher Makes brooms
Brothel Keeper Baud, Stewholder, Stewsman One whom runs a brothel
Brother A un-ordained monk in a monastic house
Brotherhood of the Bridge Bridge Brother Built bridges in France
Brushbinder Makes brushes
Buckle Tongue Maker Makes tongues and points for buckles
Buckle-smith Buckler Makes buckles
Buckler Maker Bokeler Makes buckler shields for combat
Buckram Maker Makes buckram textiles
Bullion Dealer Bullion merchant
Bum-Bailies Officer who arrests debtors
Bumboat Man Meets ships at anchor with goods for passengers and crew to purchase
Burgess Holds land or a house within a borough, represents borough at official level
Burglar Thief who breaks into houses to rob
Burgomaster Magistrate or one employed in city government
Burl Clothmaker Burelier Makes burl textiles
Burneman Carries barm or water for brewers
Busker Street performer
Busones of the Shire Serve king and baronage in many jobs.
Butcher Carnifax, Fleshmonger, Shambler, Slaughterer, Slaughterman Butchers animals for meat animal-based products
Butler Bottler Oversees household buttery
Button Burnisher Button polisher
Button Maker Butner Makes buttons
Buyer Of The Great Wardrobe Purveyor Of The Great Wardrobe Royal official
Cabin Boy Attends to the ship’s captain
Cabinetmaker Makes cabinets
Caddie Errand Boy Does odd jobs or delivers messenges
Cadger Carries frame for birds of prey on a hunt
Cain Weaver Caner Makes cain furniture
Calciner Burns bones to make powdered lime
Calculator Exchequer official who answers to the comptroller
Calligrapher Writes in decorative fonts
Camp Cook Military cook
Camp Follower Follows an army
Canal Bank Ranger Towpath Warden Polices locks, barges, canals, and licenses
Canal Boat Worker Canaller Works on a canal boat
Canal Lock Maker Pumpmaker Builds canal locks
Candle Maker Candler, Chandler Wax candle-maker or inspects eggs with a candle
Candle Taper Weaver Candle wick maker
Cannon Salesman Itenerant cannon salesman who displays miniature, model cannon
Cannon smith Cannon maker
Cannoneer Artillerist who fires cannons
Canon Priest who lives in a monastic order of priests, often attached to a cathedral
Canon Lawyer Advocate, Decretalist, Ecclesiastical Lawyer Cleric with legal degree
Cantor Beggar who employs a cant to draw attention, or church choir leader
Canvas Weaver Canvaseer Makes canvas textiles
Capillaire Maker Makes capillaire syrup
Capital Pledge Presenter Compurgator Personal guarantor in leet court
Capmaker Capper Makes caps
Captain Of The Castle Commands a royal town or castle, answers to the privy council
Captain Of The Yeoman of the Guard Officer who commands the Yeoman of the Guard
Caravaner Outfits and runs caravans
Carder Combs out wool
Cardinal Belong to college of cardinals vote for new pope
Cardinal Bishops Bishop in the college of cardinals
Cardinal Deacons Deacon who belongs to the college of cardinals
Cardinal Priests Priest who belongs to the college of cardinals
Carman Boatmen who replace wine with water from the vessels they oversee
Carmelites Friar Friar in the Carmelite order
Carpenter Ambiht-Smith, Boardwright, Cafender, Chip, Chippie, Foister, Foisterer, Framer, Housewright, Joiner Woodworker whom uses nails
Carpet Knight Non-military civilian knighted for non-combat service, often at a holiday court
Cart Wheeler Makes cart wheels
Carter Carman, Carrier, Cart Driver, Cartier, Charman, Coach Driver, Coachman, Donkey Boy, Donkey Man, Drayman, Dragsman, Muleskinner, Muleteer, Subtler, Teamer, Teamer Man, Teamster, Teemer, Wagoner Drives a cart or vehicle to transport goods or a carriage for passengers; or officer in the stable answers to master of horses
Carthusian Monk Monk in the Carthusian Order
Cartographer Mapmaker
Cartwright Makes carts and wagons
Castellan Foreman, Greeve, Grieve, Majordomo, Overseer, Property Manager, Provost, Seneschal, Sheriff Administers a large household or custodian of an appointed duty or post; senior steward at the manor
Caster Makes small bottles for sprinkling salt, pepper, sugar, etc
Castle Guard Soldier hired to guard a castle
Cataphract Holy Roman Empire heavy horsemen
Catchpole Catchpolla, Chicken Catcher One who captures debtors, a sheriff or bailiff’s assistant
Caterer Aceter Supplies meals, especially on ships
Cattle Attendant Bullocky Attends to cattle's’ daily needs
Cattle Merchant Cattle Jobber Sells cattle
Cattle Rustler Abactor, Cattle Thief Steals livestock, especially cattle
Caulker Caulks cracks or seams in ships or windows
Ceiler Installs wooden, floors, and ceilings
Cellarman Cellarer Manages stocks of beer, wines, and spirits in a household or tavern
Census Collector Enumerator Traveling official
Chainsmith Chain maker
Chaloner Chalon cloth textile maker
Chamberlain Camerarius Oversees a household office or court; cleric who is pope’s main assistant; or a private bedchamber attendant
Chamberlain Of The Lower Exchequer Of Receipt Exchequer official
Chambermaid Bower-maiden, Burmaiden, Lady-In-Waiting, Tire-woman Female house servant, dresses others, a lady's-maid
Chancellor Household secretary or notary, or head of a university
Chancery Clerk Secretary
Chandler Candle seller, grocer, provisioner associated with provisioning ships
Chantry Priest priest hired to pray for the dead and also teaches in a chantry school
Chanty Man Singing sailor who leads sea chanties
Chape Maker Makes chapes and metal fittings for sheaths
Chaplain Cleric in chapel court, college, or military who keeps relics; or a priest in a militant monastic religious order
Chapmaker Makes chaps or armas to protect rider’s legs
Charcoal Burner Charbonnnier, Collier Burns charcoal for smelting burns charcoal for smelting fuel
Charlatan Bunko Artist, Con Artist, Con Man, Confidence Man, Hustler, Mountebank, Quack, Racketeer, Raconteur, Snake-Oil-Salesman, Straw Man Dishonest showman and peddlar
Chartularius Officer who writes charters to free serfs
Chaser Makes low-relief metal decoration from the backside of the surface
Cheese Monger Cheese Factor Cheese merchant
Cheeseman Whey Cutter Cheese maker
Chicken Butcher Butchers chickens
Chief Baron of the Exchequer Of Pleas Exchequer officer
Chief Butler Oversees butlers, chief botteler
Chief Constable Head of a hundred, enforces curfew
Chief Cook Kitchener, Master Cook, Trencherman Oversees the kitchen and larder and food preparation
Chief Justicier Of The Bench Of Common Pleas Judge for Court of Common Pleas
Chief Justicier Of The Court of the Exchequer Judge for the Court of the Exchequer
Chief Justicier Of The King’s Bench Judge for the court of the king’s bench
Chief Keeper Of The Forests Oversees all the king’s royal forests
Chief Mate Assists ship’s captain or skipper
Chief Pantler Oversees great hall’s pantry
Chief Pledges Assisted law enforcement, or parish constable
Chimneysweep Cleans chimneys
Chinglor Roof tiler who uses wooden shingles
Chippers Laborer Chip, Chippy Assistant to a shipwright or ships carpenter
Choir Singer Chorister Church singer
Chronologist Records official event
Church Father Saint or apostle who helped found the Church
Churl Poor free farmer with no land
Circus Performer Entertainer
Cistercian Monk Monk in the Cistercian order
City Guard Patrols and protects town or city
City Surveyor Liner Officer who surveys city boundaries
City Warden Official who oversees a city ward
Civil List Advisor Assists the intendant of the civil list
Clairvoyant Entertainer
Clan Chief Chief of a clan and all its septs
Clansman/Woman People born into an extended clan
Claviger Mace Bearer Official who answers to bailiff
Clay Slapper Slaper Prepares clay for potters
Clayman Cleyman Waterproofs brick buildings with clay and sources clay for bricks
Cleaning Professional Charwoman, Fower Professional house or street cleaner
Cleric Clark, Clericus, Clerk, Graffer, Notary, Noterer, Reever, Scribe, Scrivener, Secretary Priest or monk those n minor orders or a student, covers a wide range of church educated people and administrators,
Clerk Of The Drawbridge Of The Bridge Trust London bridge official
Clerk Of The Lower Exchequer Of The Receipt Exchequer official
Clerk Of The Pells Officer in the exchequer
Clerk Of The Pipe Ingrosser Officer in the exchequer
Clerk Of The Stables Answers to the master of horses
Clerk Of The Wardrobe Oversees transporting royal wardrobe place-to-place
Clerk of the Works Oversees construction projects for customer
Clerk Of Works Of The Bridge Trust London bridge official
Clipper Shaves down coins for profit
Clockmaker Horologist Clockwork maker
Cloth Dubber Dubbere Raises the nap of cloth
Cloth Linter Cloth Picker Removes unwanted threads and lint from finished textiles
Cloth Shoemaker Makes cloth shoes
Clothesman Clothman, Draper Traveling clothes salesman
Clothier Clothing merchant
Clothiers In Silk and Velvet Silk clothing merchant
Clothing Mender Renovator Repairs clothing
Clothworkers Textile workers
Cluniac Monk Monk in the Cluniac order
Co-Emperor Undivided ruler of multiple sovereign nations
Co-King Royal with half-sovereignty of a kingdom
Coachman Coach driver
Coadjutor Archbishop Assistant archbishop
Coadjutor Bishop Assistant bishop
Coarse Salt Maker Waller Boils or mines salt
Coastal-Pilot Pilot who conducts vessels along coast
Cobbler Clower, Laster, Shoemaker, Shoesmith Shoemaker
Cobleman Fisherman who uses flat-bottomed boats
Cod Placer Loads kilns for potters
Cofferer Chancery official who oversees king’s money and plate or a craftsmen who made chests
Cofferer Of The Wardrobe Wardrobe official
Coffin Maker Builds coffins and caskets
Coinsmith Coin Stamper, Coin-Maker, Coiner, Die Smith, Mint-Master, Minter, Moneyer Mints and recycles coins
Collar Maker Makes shirt collars or makes horse collars
Collier Coal miner, coal merchant, or worker on coal barges
Color Man Colourator Made and sold dyes, or a house painter’s apprentice
Colpoerteur Religious books merchant
Combmaker Makes wool combs or hair combs
Commandant Of The Royal Palace Assists the intendant of the civil list
Commander Of The Realm Command a large region of a military monastic order
Commissioner Official answerable to the privy council
Commissioner Of The Peace Oversees policing answerable to the privy council
Commissioner Of The Sewers Oversees sewers answerable to the privy council
Commoner Social class below imperial, royal, noble and gentry or a university student who pays his own meal ticket
Compass Smith Makes compasses
Comptroller Top official, many different specific jobs
Comptroller General Of The Exchequer Officer in the exchequer
Comptroller Of The Bridge Trust London bridge official
Condottieri Mercenary heavy horsemen in Italy
Coney Catcher Rabbit hunter
Confectioner Flauner Candy maker
Confessional Saint Exemplar Sainted for their pious lives
Confessor Priest authorized to hear confessions, or saint who survived his martyrdom and died of natural causes
Conner Conder Oversees the steersman; oversees fish resources for inshore fishermen; or a general inspector or tester
Conquistador Spanish military explorers
Constable Beagle, Castellan, Lagreatman, Law-Rightman, Tipstaff Local constable who polices a city ward; official of the stable or oversees the lord’s dogs and hawks; or empowered to oversee a royal property
Contortionist Entertainer
Controller of the Customs Customs officer
Controller Of The Wardrobe Answers to keeper of the wardrobe
Conveyencer Conveys property through deeds, leases, etc.
Cooper Backmaker, Barrelmaker, Cask Maker, Couper, Cuper, Drycooper, Tubber, Tupper, Wood Breaker Makes backs, vats, casks, tubs, buckets, and barrels
Coper Dishonest horse dealer
Coppersmith Brass Worker, Brightsmith, Brownsmith, Copper Beater, Coppersmith, Greensmith, Copperbeater, Latten Worker, Redsmith works with copper brass and latten
Copyist Clerk, Notary, Scribe, Scrivener Copies documents, writes up legal documents
Coracle Maker Makes small round fishing boats called coracles
Cordwainer Corvesar, Cordiner, Corviner, Corviser Specialist cobbler who makes shoes from fine cordovan leather
Cork Cutter Cuts cork bottlestoppers
Cork Sock Maker Made insoles to keep feet dry and comfortable
Corn Miller Badger, Melder Grain seller
Coroner Crowner Makes sure the king’s assessments are paid, reports cause of death
Coroner’s Clerk Coroner’s assistant
Corporal Lance Corporal Military officer who leads a small squad of five to ten soldiers
Corrodians Pensioners who live in monasteries for their retirement
Corset Maker Corsetier, Stay Maker Makes corsets stays and undergarments
Corviser Makes fine leather
Costermonger/Wife Fruit Seller, Fruiterer, Fruitestere, Green Grocer Fresh fruit sellers
Cottager Catagman Peasant who leases his cottage but owns little or no land
Cotton Tape Weaver Weaves cotton tape
Cotton Weaver Cotton Webster Cotton weaver
Council Of The Order Governing council in a militant monastic religious order
Councilor Town or city official or an advisor of the court
Count Palatine Sovereign count, rules county with royal power
Count/Countess Nobleman whose rank corresponds to that of a British earl
Courier Estafette, Messenger, Sandesman Ambassador; a mounted courier; special courier for speedy delivery
Court Astrologer Diviner who makes horoscopes for his lord
Court Jester Fool who entertains at court
Court Musician Musician who entertains at court
Court Sorcerer Court official who advises lord on magic and provides magic assistance
Courtier/Courtesan Minor official or hanger-on at royal court
Coven Mistress Pagan sorceress who heads a coven of twelve witches
Cow Leech Cattle veterinarian
Cow-Keeper Neatherd City person who keeps one or more cows in his back yard; or one who cares for cattle
Cowherd Cattle Driver, Coward Drover, Grazier Herds cattle
Craftsman Faber, Fabricator Skilled workman for different crafts; or a type of craftsman who produces goods and equipment in a military monastic order
Cratch Maker Makes cratches mangers cribs or hay frames
Criminal One who breaks the law
Crimper Member of navy press gang
Crockery Merchant Bowlman/woman Sells crockery
Crofter Tenant on a small piece of land
Cropper Tenant sharecropper
Crossbow Maker Atiliator Makes crossbows
Crossbowman Alblastere, Arbalestier, Balistarius, Balister Soldier with an arbalest or crossbow
Crossetiers Make sticks for la soule à la crosse
Crown Equarry Marshal Administers the king’s stables
Crown Prince Prince with kingdom’s inheritance right
Crozier Bearer Bears the cross before the archbishop in church or during travels
Crusader One who travels to the holy land to claim it for Christians
Culdee Servant of God Irish/Scottish preserver of old Gaelic customs
Cunning Man Hedge Wizard, Warlock Village mage who practices folk magic
Cup-Bearer Birele Servant who fills and serves wine
Curate Priest in charge of a church
Curer Cures ham, fish, etc,
Custodian Of The Coast Answers to the privy council
Customs Officer Boarding Clerk, Boarding Officer, Coast Waiter, Custom-House Officer, Customer, Customs Agent, Gauger, Jerquer, Landwaiter, Searcher, Surveyor, Tidesman, Tidewaiter, Townswaiter, Waterguard, Weigher Customs officer who oversees the offloading goods on the coast; collects taxes on imports and exports; searches ships; calculates custom duties; searches ships baggage, goods, etc for contraband, fights smuggling, weighs cargo
Cutler Combined blade, handle, sheath, etc. into a finished product
Cutpurse Thief who cuts off money purses
Dairy Seller Milk and cheese merchant
Dairyman/Dairymaid Dey Wife Works at or owns a dairy farm or sells dairy products such as butter or cottage
Damster Builds dams for logging
Dance Master Dance instructor
Dancer Hoofer, Mummer Entertainer
Deacon Assists the priest is likely a priest in training
Dean Head of a cathedral chapter or a collegiate churc; or a bishop’s personal representative; or the titular head of a college
Dean Of College Of Cardinals In charge of the college of cardinals
Defense Attorney Counter, Narrator, Pleader Defense attorney
Definitor Deaneries are divided into definitoines and the definitor is the priest over that subdivision
Demonologist Diabolist Expert who summons or banishes demons
Dentist Tooth care specialist pulls teeth treat abscesses, etc,
Depater Refines precious metal
Deputy Chamberlain Of The Lower Exchequer Of Receipt
Deputy Clergyman Vicar
Deputy Comptroller Fills in for or assists a comptroller
Deputy Justicier Answers to the justiciar
Deputy Justicier Of The Bench Of Common Pleas
Deputy Justicier Of The King’s Bench
Deputy King Assistant king perhaps the heir to senior king
Deputy Master Of The Great Wardrobe
Deputy Mayor Assists the mayor
Diamond-Cutter Diamantaire Cuts and dresses diamonds
Diploma One who has earned a diploma
Diplomat Ambassador Negotiator
Dish Turner Makes wooden dishes and bowls
Disher Potter who makes dishes
Dispenser Household officer who answers to the butler
Distiller Rectifier, Strong Water Seller Alcohol distiller
Distributer Parish official attached to the workhouse/poorhouse who looks after the secular needs of the poor
Ditch Warden Scavelman Keeps waterways and ditches clear
Ditchdigger Banker, Delver, Dikeman, Ditcher, Dykeman, Trench-Digger, Trencher-Man Makes and reapairs ditches, banks, and shorelines
Divine Emperor Rules multiple nations by divine right
Dock Master Oversees a dockyard
Doctor One who earned a doctorate at university
Doctor Of Law Has taken a university doctorate in law and juris prudence
Doctor Of Medicine Has taken a university doctorate in humoral medicine
Doctor Of Philosophy Has taken a university doctorate in philosophy or science
Doctor Of The Church Saints who made major contributions to the faith’s theology/liturgy
Doctor Of Theology Has taken a university doctorate in theology
Dog Leech Dog veterinarian
Dog Trainer Trains dogs
Dog-Whipper Official who drives stray dogs away from village
Domestic Steward Answers to lord steward of the household head of privy council
Dominican Friar Friar in Dominican Order
Don Tutor authority over university undergrads
Dowser Water Witcher Detects water underground
Dragman Fisherman who uses a net
Drainer Makes drains
Draper Merchant Taylor/Clothworker/Mercer/Yarnman/Worsted Seller Clothier, sailcloth maker, sells cloth, or dry goods
Dream Interpreter Oinimancer, Redar Interprets dreams
Dredgerman Locates and sells goods fallen off ships
Dresser One who dresses another person; one who dresses food for presentation
Dressmaker Mantuamaker, Sheptster Makes dresses
Dressmaker’s Assistant Pinner Up Assists dressmakers
Drift Maker Makes drift nets for fishing
Droppings Collector Pure Gatherer, Pure Finder Collected dog droppings for leather tanning
Drover Drives sheep or cattle to market
Drummer Plays drums usually in military context
Dry Martyr One who died for his faith but didn't bleed
Dry Stone Waller Drywaller Assembles drystone walls
Drysalter Makes glue, dyes, stains, coloring, cooking oil, food preservatives; dealer in pickles dried meats and sauces
Dubbere Cloth Dubber Raises the nap on cloth
Duke Palatine Sovereign duke
Duke/Duchess Often drawn from royal family high-level nobles
Dung Carter Carts dung
Dustman Removes domestic refuse
Dwarf Someone born unusually short often becomes a licensed fool
Dyer Archil Maker, Color Man, Lister, Tinctor Dyes cloth
Earl Constable Military officer in charge of cavalry
Earl Marshal Seneschal, Knight Commander Military officer appointed by sovereign over kingdom’s military
Earl/Countess Highest non-royal noble below duke and above baron
Earth Stopper Plugs up animal holes
Ebonite Turner Works ebonite or vulcanite making combs ornaments or jewelry
Ecclesiastical Porter Third highest rank in minor order clerics
Eel Trapper Sniggler
Egg Dealer Egg Factor, Eggler
Elector Sovereign ruler with voting rights to choose next emperor
Embalmer Streaker Prepares bodies for burial
Embellishment Mason Also called a sculptor or carver carves the delicate tracery and statuary
Embezzler Bookkeeping thief
Embosser Embosses carves molds or raises designs
Embroiderer Broderer, Broiderer, Brotherer, Browderer Decorates fabric with stitched designs
Emperor King-Emperor Rules multiple sovereign nations
Enameler Ginour, Mailer Enamels goods
Engraver Etcher Etches decorations into materials
Eparch/Exarch Type of eastern orthodox priest
Epiciere Carry spices to the table
Episcopal Vicar Chosen by bishop to handle an activity or area of the see
Escapologist Entertainer
Escheator Oversees and collects royal escheats and properties with no heirs for the king
Esquire Educated professional just below knighthood, a commoner attorney or university educated doctor (theology, medicine, etc.), or a potential knight that foregos being knighted, yet still enjoy most of the benefits and rights, and are still of the knightly class and noble. A lesser knightly class called the squirarchy.
Estate Steward Oversees estates non-household holdings such as lands resources, etc,
Ewerer Officer in charge of lord’s bath
Exchequer Officer who oversees the king's revenue
Exchequer Court Barrister Tubman Attorney for the exchequer
Exchequer Of The Jews Exchequer officer in charge of jews
Exciseman Excise tax collector
Excitador Brother or sister responsible for awakening those who lived in a monastery for devotionals
Excitedor Waker Awakens monastics for devotionals people for morning work
Executioner Deathsman, Hangman, Headsman State-sanctioned executioner
Exorcist Lower rank minor order cleric
Eye Doctor Oculist, Ophthalmologist
Fabricshearer Trims the nap and makes pleats
Factor Person authorized to do business for another
Fagot Hired to fill a vacancy in a military company on a muster day
Falconer Accipitary, Fawkner, Hawker Breeds trains and hunts with hawks
Falconet Artillerest who fires falcons light cannons
Fancy Pearl Worker Mother-of-pearl worker
Fanwright Makes fans
Farmer Animal Husbandman, Colonus, Husbandman, Planter, Seedsman, Tiller, Tillerman Agricultural worker
Farrier Farrowsmith, Ferrour, Horseleech, Shoesmith Shoes horses and provides veterinary services
Fat Dealer Dripping Man Collects and sells fat dripping off cooked meat
Faucet Maker Fossetmaker Makes faucets for ale-casks, etc
Faux Pilgrim Victoriouser Pilgrim who pretends to have been to the holy land
Fear Nothing Maker Fearnought aka dreadnought weaver
Featherman/Wife Feather Beater, Feather Dresser, Feather Driver Cleans and sells feathers
Fellmonger Hide and skins salesman, especially sheepskin
Felt Hat Maker Beaver, Planter Makes felt hats
Felt Maker Felter, Fewtrer Makes felt
Femme Sole Woman in business for herself in her own right
Fence Trades in stolen goods
Fencer Practices and teaches the art of defense both armed and unarmed
Fencing Ancient Master Fencer with highest honors
Fencing Free Scholar Graduate fencing student
Fencing Master Fencer with great experience teaches fencing
Fencing Master-At-Arms Collects and invents fencing techniques writes and illustrates fighting manuals; manages military personal on large estate
Fencing Novice Novice fencer
Fencing Provost Fencing teacher
Fencing Scholar Advanced fencing student
Fencing Traveling Master Freelance itinerant fencing educator
Ferreter Makes and sells ferret tape/silk tape
Ferryman Operates a ferry
Fiddler Plays any bowed and stringed instruments; or removes flashing from cast clay forms
Field Marshal Regional military commander
File Cutter Cuts and sharpens files
Fine Linen Weaver Cambric Maker Makes cambric
Fine Tailor Fine Drawer Tailor who does invisible mending to restore cloth
Fire-eater Entertainer
Firewood Dealer Fagetter Made up faggots into bundles sells firewood
Fish and Seafood Merchant Bummaree
Fishdryver Sells dried fish
Fisherman Fisher, Kedger, Peterman Catches fish be it in freshwater ice or saltwater
Fishmonger/Wife Chowder, Fish Fag, Fishdryver, Jouster, Pessoner, Ripper, Rippier Fish merchant
Fishtrap Keeper Garter, Garthman Maintains a garth fish trap
Flasher Specialist glass worker
Flatman Floatman Works on flat-bottomed boat used for transport
Flatulist Farts as entertainment
Flax Beater Scutcher, Swingler Beats flax to soften the straw and remove woody parts
Flax Dresser Prepares flax prior to spinning
Flax Spinner Spins flax
Flax Weaver Hemp Heckler Weaves flax
Flaxman Flexman Grows, sells, and treats flax for use in linen
Fletcher Arrow Tipper, Arrowsmith, Tipper Makes and fletches arrows
Flint Knapper Dresses and shapes flints into stone tools
Florist Grows and sells flowers
Flour Dealer Mealman Dealer in meal or flour
Flower Woman/Girl Flower street vender
Flusherman Cleans out water mains
Focarius Child you tended the great hall’s fire
Food Taster Taster Checks food for poison
Foot Maiden Female servant
Foot Messenger Messenger who delivers messages on foot or the mail
Foot Sergeant Cokini, Courier, Footman, Foot-Post, Letter Carrier, Messenger, Post Person, Trotman, Trotter Armed as a knight, or more lightly, for fighting on foot, Messenger who delivers messages on foot or the mail
Footman Assistant butler who serves those at table
Footpad Ambush thief who robs pedestrians
Forest Keeper Royal forest official
Forest Ranger Forester, Foster, Game Warden, Woodsman Not part of the royal forest administration
Forest Regarder Forestry official twelve total
Forest Warden Forest Keeper Forest official overseeing two or more forests, often hereditary and synonomous with the local lord
Forestaller Buys goods outside business hours to sell at a profit illegal
Forester Forest officials who answer to the forest guardian
Forger Counterfeits documents
Fortune Teller Cartomancer, Scryer Entertainer
Foundryman Founder Turns ore into metal
Fowler Fogler, Fugler, Vageler, Vogelaar, Vogeler, Vogler, Vowler Keeps or catches birds wildfowl hunter
Fox Hunter Todhunter Parish fox hunter
Franciscan Friar Friar in the Franciscan order
Franklin Wealthy landowner the class below landed gentry
Freedman Emancipated slave
Freemason Sculpts fine or finished stonework
Freeminer Coal and iron miner officials in royal forest who protect mineral rites. They are granted plots of land called gales
Freser Makes rough plaster frieze
Freshwater Man River Sailor, Riverman, Waterman Boatman on freshwater lakes and rivers works on a river or lake boat
Friar Lay Brother Friar in a mendicant order itinerant preaching cleric who begs for sustenance
Fueller Charcoal and fuel wood merchant
Fuller Beater, Felt Maker, Walker Cloth worker who shrinks beats and presses cloth
Fuller’s Assistant Burler Apprentice fuller
Fur Trader Furrier, Pelter, Skinner, Trapper Fur, skin, hide, and pelt merchant
Furbisher Frobisher, Furber, Furbour Repear, restore, de-rust, and polishes weapons and armor, custom fits and finishes armor
Furniture Maker Builds furniture
Furusiyya Spanish Islamic version of knighthood
Fustian Weaver Fustian or corduroy maker
Gaffer Crew foreman in glass workshop
Gager Official who collects liquor taxes
Galley Oarsman Galley Rower Rows a galley
Gallowglass Celtic heavily armed infantryman
Galoche Maker Clog Maker, Pattenmaker Makes wooden shoes/patens or strap on soles
Gambler
Game Beater Battuere Drives game from cover during the hunt
Gamekeeper Manages wildlife
Gardener Leightonward Kitchen gardener
Garlic Merchant Maderer Gathers and sells garlic
Gatekeeper Gater, Watchman, Yatman Town security, or guards entrey points on great estates
Gatherer Gatherer’s Boy Apprentice glass worker
Gelder Gelds livestock especially horses
Gemcutter Jeweler, Lapidary Cuts gems for jewelry
Genealogist Tracks and memorizes genealogy usually a herald or historian
Gentleman Of Leisure Idleman Gentleman of independent means
Gentleman Of The Bedchamber Close personal attendant to the king
Gentleman Of The Horse Chief Equerry
Gentleman Usher Guarded door announced guests
Gentleman/Gentlewoman Gentry Social class below barons but above commoners, it includes knights and their families
Geometer Geometrician Master of euclidian geometry
Gilder Applies gold leaf to books ornaments jewelry pottery etc
Gillie Servant or attendant for noble and royal hunters
Girdlemaker Brailler, Girdler Makes belts and girdles of leather, metal, or linen
Glass Necklace Maker
Glass Seller Glass merchant
Glassblower Glassmaker, Glasswright Makes and mends glassware
Glasspainter Glass painter who baked hues onto glass
Glazier Quarrel Picker, Verrier Window glass installer
Glover Gaunter, Glovemaker, Wet Glover Makes and sells gloves
Gluttonous Fool ?
Goatherd Gatward Goat herder
Gold and Silver Wire Drawer Makes gold and silver wire
Gold Leaf Maker Giltworker, Gold Foil Maker, Goldbeater Makes gold-leaf
Goldsmith Aurifaber, Redsmith Worker in precious metals gold silver etc
Goliant Itinerant clerical poets students satirists and tricksters
Gong Farmer Cess-Pit Cleaner, Honey Dipper, Jakes-Farmer, Necessary Woman, Night Farmer, Night Soilman, Privy, Cleaner, Sewer Cleaner Urban sanitation worker, Cesspit and latrine pit emptier
Gooseherd Goose herder
Gorse Dealer Gorzeman Gorse or broom merchant
Governor Top civic official in city or town
Grain Merchant Boothman Corn or grain merchant
Grain Winnower Fanner Separates grain from chaff husks straw
Grainer Paints wood to make it seem more exotic
Grammar Teacher Abecedarian Teaches the alphabet and grammar
Granary Keeper Carner Manages a granary
Grand Almoner Official who gave alms to the poor
Grand Duke/Duchess Sovereign duke royal
Grand Master Of The Hunt Aka royal huntsman leads hunts for the king
Grand Prior Oversees multiple preceptories in a militant monastic religious order
Grand-Master Of The Order Head of a militant monastic order
Grand/Royal Falconers Hereditary office for organizing royal hawking events
Grange Farmer Granger Monastic grange farmer
Gravedigger Bedman, Burye Man, Undertaker Digs graves
Graverobber Grave robber
Great Councilman Monarch’s General Council Great council composed of 12 lords and 12 priests
Great Seal Important household officer
Groom Equerry, Henchman, Hensman, Holster, Horse Attendant, Horseman, Litterman, Stable Hand, Stableman Cares for horses or is a stables official; horse care and accommodation at inns
Groom Of The Stool Groom of the king's close stool to the king king’s close personal attendant
Guardsman Town Guard, Watchman Gaurds town walls and gates
Guide Avant-Courier, Dragoman, Laadring Hired guide or interpreter
Guildsman Artificer, Artisan, Craftsman, Faber, Fabricator, Tradesman Part of a trade union, see apprentice journeyman master and warden,
Gunner Artillerist specializing in firearms
Gunpowder Maker Gunpowder maker
Gunsmith Gonne Smith Gun maker
Haberdasher Haberdasher of Small Wares General retailer and re-seller offering wide range of goods, including tapes, pins, needles, thread, linen, men's clothing, and accessories
Hack Hires out for any paid writing work
Hacker Hackney Man Rents out horses or hoe-maker
Hackler Hackman, Hatchler, Heckler Separated flax or hemp with a hackle
Hafter Haft Maker, Tool Helver Makes handles and hafts
Hair Dresser Friseur Makes wigs and dresses hair curls tassels bows etc
Hair Merchant Buys and resells horsehair for furniture
Hairweaver Hairman Weaves horsehair
Halberdier Halbert Carrier Soldier armed with a halberd
Half Virgator Peasant who owns half a virgate of land
Hand Flowerer Embroider flowers or similar designs on muslin or cambric
Handle Sticker Put handles on cast ceramic cups pitchers, etc
Handmaid Handwoman Female attendant
Harbor Pilot Directs or steers ships into harbour
Harbormaster Dock or harbor administrator
Harness Maker Makes horse harnesses
Harper Harp player
Harpmaker Harp maker
Harvest Custodian Messer
Hatchler Combs out or cards flax
Hatmaker Chapelar, Hatter, Milliner Makes sells and repairs hats
Hay Binder Binds hay during harvest
Haymonger Avenator A hay straw and forage dealer
Hayward Hedge Looker Village official over hedges fences enclosures commons and impounds stray cattle
Head Cattle Drover Topsman Lead cattle drover
Heather Dealer Hetheleder Heather Merchant
Hedge Priest Unaffiliated wandering preacher
Hedge Trimmer Dikeman, Dykeman, Hedge Cutter, Hedger, Plaicher, Plasher, Platcher, Pleacher Trims and weaves hedges
Heel Maker Makes shoe heels
Helmet Maker Heumer Makes helmets
Hemp Seller Sells hemp
Henchman Hensman Squire page servant groom footman or personal attendant
Herald Whiffler Heraldry official genealogist tournament judge
Herdsman Coward, Cowherd, Goatherd, Gooseherd, Grasiere, Grazier, Preacher, Shepherd, Swain, Swineherd Herds animals
Hereditary Knight Heritable knighthood
Heretic Erite One who believes religious heresy
Hermit Eremite Religious recluse
High Chancellor Of The Realm Aka chief baron of the chaple, oversees holy relics candles altar, usually a cleric
High King Over King A senior king among other kings
High Sheriff Royal official who oversees other sheriffs
Historian Calendar Records major events
Hobelar Hobbler, Hobilar Light cavalry that fight on foot but rides to combat on hobby horses
Hodsman Apprentice mason carried bricks or mortar in a hob
Honorary Knight Non-combat knight
Hooper Tanqueter Makes hoops for barrels and casks
Hops Merchant Sells hops for beer making
Horn Blower Answers to the royal huntsman
Horn Worker Horner Works in horn makes spoons combs and musical instruments
Horse Butcher Caddy Butcher Butchers and sells horse meat
Horse Courser Race horse owner and horse merchant
Horse Thief Prig Napper Steals horses
Horse Trader Trades horses
Horse Trainer Horse trainer
Horse-Capper Buys worthless horses
Horsehair Merchant Hair Seating Merchant Sells horsehair for furniture
Hosier Hose, garters, stockings, socks, gloves and nightcap merchant
Hospitaller Of St Thomas Of Canterbury A cleric
Hourglass Maker Hourglass maker
House Painter Colour Man Paints houses
Housewright House Joiner House builder
Hunter Hunts game animals
Huntsman Venur, Venator Answers to the head huntsman
Hurdle Man Hurdle Maker, Hurdler Made wattled framework fences
Hush Shop Keeper Unlicensed beer merchant
Hypnotist Stage hypnotist and entertainer
Iceman Ice merchant who delivers ice
Illuminator Paints in the margins of illuminated books paints stylized first letters
Illusionist Legerdemainist, Prestidigitator Performs sleight of hand a stage magician, entertainer
Imperial Knight Knighted by the holy roman emperor
Impresario Land broker
Infirmarian Male nurse who oversees the welfare of the sick and elderly in the infirmary
Inlayer Does inlaying and marquetry
Inner Barrister Young law students not yet trained to plead in court
Innkeeper Boniface, Hosteler, Hostler, Inman, Ordinary Keeper, Ostler, Piper, Publican, Stabler, Victualer Runs an inn, later a boy that looked after horses at an inn
Inquisitor Church detective who roots out heresy
Instrument Maker General instrument maker, includes luthiers
Insurer Underwriter for large projects
Intendant Business director
Intendant Of The Civil List Manages the material financial and human resources of the king's household
Interfactor Murderer
Interpreter Translates languages on the spot
Investor Annuitant, Fundholder, Investor, Jobber, Shareholder, Stockholder Engaged in arbitrage and trades in bank notes
Iron Founder Bloomer, Iron Master, Smelter foundry manager or owner
Ironer Presser Professional ironer
Ironmonger Ferroner Sells tools, hardware, and household implements
Irrigation Manager Drowner, Floater, Waterman Irrigation expert who floods land to regulate marshes fields and watermeadows
Ivorist Iver Carver Make combs boxes billiard balls buttons and keys for pianofortes
Ivory Merchant Elephants Teeth Dealer Elephant ivory merchant
Jack Young male assistant
Jack-Smith Makes lifting machinery
Jailer Gaoler, Jail Keeper, Prison Warder, Turnkey Owns or operates a prison
Janissaries Elite Ottoman light infantry
Jester Buffoon, Clown, Fool, Licensed Fool Entertainer by humor and satire sometimes a dwarf
Jeweler Gem-Cutter, Lapidary Makes jewelry
Jobmaster Hires out horses carriages and drivers
Joiner Carpenter, Joyner Carpenter who uses glue not nails
Journeyman Jorman Guildsman with credentials may have a shop and apprentices of his own
Journeyman Shoemaker Snob Journeyman shoemaker
Judge Dempster Officer of the court who issues binding decisions
Judicial Champion Professional surrogate fighter standing in for claimant
Judicial Vicar Ecclesiastical judge appointed by the bishop
Juggler Entertainer
Junior Barrister Stuff Gowsman
Jurat Aka sworn man alderman’s assistant portman or wardman
Jurisconsult Advocate, Jurist Non-practicing law teachers and legal experts
Justice In Eyre Of The Bench Of Common Pleas Circuit judge
Justice of the Peace Local judges
Justiciar Senior judge in the royal judicial system
Justicier Of The Bench Of Common Pleas Steward of the bench of common pleas
Justicier Of The King’s Bench He answers to the chief justicier of the king’s bench
Kabalist Practices kabbalah or gematria
Keeper Attendant guard warden or gamekeeper
Keeper of the Bullocks Peasant official who oversees village oxen
Keeper Of The Forest Forester in the royal forest regime
Keeper Of The Great Wardrobe Major household official
Keeper Of The Hanaper Minor household official
Keeper Of The Heads London bridge official
Keeper of the King’s Peace Knights who served as extra peace keepers for rough areas
Keeper Of The Prince's Wardrobe Minor household official
Keeper Of The Privy Wardrobe Minor household official
Keeper Of The Privy-Seal Major household official
Keeper Of The Queen's Wardrobe Minor household official
Keeper Of The Rolls Minor household official oversees scrolls rolls and papers
Keeper Of The Wardrobe Major household official controlled king’s personal expenses
Kennel-man Fewterer, Whipper-in Cares for the king’s dogs or handles an estate’s hounds
Kettle Maker Makes kettles
Kiddier Skins young goats and sells their skins
Kifemaker Knifesmith, Matchet Forger Makes knives
Kilner Lime-Burner, Quicklime Burner Limeburner in charge of a kiln makes quicklime
King Of Arms A nation’s chief herald
King’s Armorer Minor household official armorer
King's Bailiff Manages a royal estate house castle or bailey
King's Champion King’s judicial champion
King’s Confectioner Minor household official confectioner
King’s Pavilioner Minor household official pavilioner
King’s Remembrancer Official in the exchequer
King's Tailor Minor household official tailor
King/Queen Seated sovereign monarch
Kipper Burly man with club who collects armor/horses for winning knights at tournaments in the early days
Kisser Makes cuishes tassets and thigh armour
Knacker Harness-maker and buys old or dead horses “knackers”
Knapper Flintworker dressed and shaped flints into required shape and size
Knife Cutler Cotiler, Grinder, Knife Grinder, Knife Sharpener Assembles knives
Knife Thrower Entertainer
Knifeman Footman trained to disembowel horses from below during battle
Knight Milites Social class of heavy horsemen
Knight Errant Derisive term for a poor country knight who lives by selling his services
Knight Of St Lazuras Leper Knights Knight who has contracted leprosy
Knight Of St, John Of Jerusalem Knight Hospitaller Militant monastic
Knight of the Chamber Esquire of the Chamber, Chamber Knights Knights made during peacetime not in the field
Knight Of The Garter Noble in the order of the garter
Knight of the Holy Sepulchre Militant monastic order to protect the holy see
Knight Of The Shire Noteworthy commoner, two per shire, represents shire in house of commons
Knight Of The Temple Knight Templar Militant monastic
Knight/Dame Cavalier, Chevalier Heavy cavalry of the gentlemen class; a knight in a militant monastic religious
Knitter Knitter
Lace-Master Laceman Farmed and collected lace-making piece work out lace merchant
Lace-Runner Embroidered patterns on lace
Lacemaker Makes lace
Laceman Lace merchant
Lacquerer Varnisher Lacquers objects
Lady In Waiting Personal attendant to a lady
Lady Of The Queen's Bedchamber Close personal attendant to the queen
Lagger Sailor who installs lagging
Lamp Wright Lantern Maker Makes lamps and lanterns
Lance Maker Lancier Lance maker
Lancer Cavalryman armed with a lance
Landlord Tenant-In-Chief | Tabler | Rentier Lord or institution holding land directly | rents rooms to boarders
Lardner Keeps the cupboard or larder
Large Councilman Member of the king’s large council
Laster Shaped shoes on wooden lasts
Lathe Worker Turner
Launderer Lavender, Tucker, Wash Lady Washes clothing
Laverer Hand washer
Lay Brother/Sister A monk/nun who serves the greater monastic community as a lay worker
Layman Non-ecclesiastical member of the church congregation
Lead Worker Plumber, Plumber Man, Plumbum Casts and works lead
Leather Armorer Leather armor maker, works in cuir bouilli
Leather Bleacher Taweror, Tawyer Makes white leather
Leather Bottle Maker Bottelier, Bottiler Make leather bottles and containers
Leather Cord Maker Braider Makes leather cords
Leather Currier Finishes and dresses tanned leather
Leather Glove Maker Gaunter Makes leather gloves
Leather Lace Maker Thonger Makes leather straps or laces
Leather Seller Leather merchant
Leather Worker Semi Lorer Makes leather goods such as belts backpacks straps, etc
Leather-cutter Bender Part of the leather industry
Lector Second highest rank for minor order clerics
Leech Sawbones Physician or doctor
Legger Horse Marine Man Pushes flatboats through narrow canal tunnels where horses cannot be used
Lens Grinder Lens crafter
Librarian Oversees a library
Lieutenant Leftenant Military officer in charge of around 100 men and assists captains
Light Cavalryman Argolet, Armati Lightly armored cavalryman
Lighterman Ferries goods from ship to shore on a flat-bottomed boat
Limeburner Kilner Burns lime for quicklime
Linen Armor Maker Merchant Taylor Makes aketons and gambesons
Linen Merchant Linendraper, Linener Merchant of linens and calicos by the yard
Linen Spinner Spins linen
Linen Warehouse Keeper Childbend Hires out clean linen
Linen Weaver Linen Webster
Liner Lyner Makes or puts in linings; or a flax dresser
Linkman Lantern, Linkboy, Torchbearer Carries a torch or lantern for others at night or underground
Lister A dyer, or a preaching friar or rector
Litter Bearer He bears a litter
Lock Keeper Oversees canal locks
Locksmith Lockier Makes and repairs locks
Lodge Warden Oversees a hunting lodge
Longshoreman Dock Walloper, Dock Worker, Dock-Hand, Docker Lumper, Stevedore Unloads and loads ship cargoes
Lord Chamberlain Of The Household Important household official
Lord Great Seal Important household official
Lord High Chancellor Of The Realm Important household officer
Lord President Of The Council In charge of the king’s large council
Lord Privy Seal Important household official
Lord Secret Seal Important household official
Lord Signet Important household official
Lord Steward Of The Household Top household official, the king’s second in command and assistant
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Oversees a Cinque port
Loriner Lorimer Makes bit bridle but not spurs
Lute Player Lutenist Entertainer
Lutemaker Lute maker
Luthier Makes and repairs wooden stringed musical instruments
Machinist Iron Turner Turning iron brass and bronze
Mage Ceremonial Mage, Mage, Magician, Magus, Ritualist, Wizard Practitioner of high magic; practicing occultist who casts magic spells or exempla
Magister Gentleman or noble whom tutors aristocratic children for life in a noble or royal court, or a lecturer at a university
Magistra Lady of the court responsible for aristocratic children’s upbringing
Magistrate Maidservant Tax collector excise man or judge
Maid Female domestic servant
Maid Of Honor Unmarried lady attending a queen or princess or daughter of knight or gentleman
Maille Maker Linkster Weaves maille
Maise Maker Makes measures for weighing herring catch
Maltster Malt brewer makes or sells malts
Mamluk Combination slave-warrior and Islamic knight
Man-At-Arms Sergeant-At-Arms, Esquires, Vavasseur Non-knightly commoners who were armed and fought like
Manciple Provisioner for large household or institution
Mangler Wrings out clothing with a mangler
Manorial Roughman Oversees village livestock and ditching
Mapmaker Cartographer Makes maps
Marble Quarrier Marbler Quarries and finishes marble
Marbler Faux Marbler, Scagliola Applies marbling to paper and edges of books, or creates imitation marble by painting veins on wood or stone
Marcher Lord Noble with frontier holding and enhanced authority
Marine Soldier trained to fight at sea and for sea landings
Marine Surveyor Ship hull and cargo inspector for damage or quality
Market Inspector Leavelooker Officer who examines food on sale at market
Marl Digger Marler Digs marl
Marley Woman Makes marli a type of fabric
Marquis/Marchioness Peerage member below a duke and above earl
Marshall Chief Equerry, Stabler Master of the horse avener oversees stables; Military officer in charge of an army or 5 battalions or cavalry appointed by the earl to oversee campaign; Military commander in a militant monastic order; Or a military official oversees all aspects of travel and supply trains
Marshman Administers marsh lands and grazing rights
Martyr One who dies for his faith
Mashmaker Makes the mash-vats or mashels used for mixing malt
Mask Maker Makes decorated masks from different materials for festivals
Mason Freemason, Quarrier, Stone Worker, Stonecutter, Stonemason, Wall Mason, Waller Combination builder, stone worker, architect, and designer
Masseuse Massage expert
Master Guildsman graduated from journeyman who has made his masterpiece; or masters and graduate students at university
Master Builder Usually a master mason
Master Gardener Official who designs and maintains estate or plaisance formal gardens
Master Mason Chief Architect, Freemason, Master Builder Overall architect manager and engineer on large building projects
Master Of Ceremonies Arranges and oversees seating and etiquette
Master Of Hounds Oversees kennels
Master Of Squires Oversees training of squires
Master of the Buckhounds Official who cared for royal buckhounds
Master Of The Hunt Lead huntsman
Master Of The King’s Works Usually a freemason in charge of large royal projects
Master Of The Order Head of an order of friars
Master Of The Revels Official in charge of court entertainment
Master Of The Rolls Keeper of the Rolls Household officer answers to chancellor
Master of the Staghounds Official who cared for royal staghounds
Masterless Man Unattached men from the countryside or uban environment
Masters Of The Bench Benchers, Court Pleaders The governing body at inns of court
Matchmaker Finds suitable spouses for clients
Mathamatical-Instrument Maker Clockmakers who make scientific and precision instruments
Mathematician Mathematics expert
Mayor Procter, Provost, Town Chamberlain Top city official usually chosen from heads of merchant or craft
Mazerer Mazer Maker Makes maple wood cups
Meat Carver Carver Carved the meat for lords
Meat Server Dapifer Brings meat to the lord’s table
Mechanician Apron Man, Artificer, Engineer, Gadgeteer, Machinist, Mechanic Builds and repairs machines
Medjay Egyptian nomadic ranger-police
Mentalist Mind reader entertainer
Mercenary Filibuster, Freebooter, Freelancer, Marauder Professional soldier for hire
Mercer Dealer in fine linen and expensive clothing silk etc
Merchant Entrepreneur, Mercator, Reseller, Wholesaler Member of the merchant adventurers’ guild buys and sells goods
Merchant Grocer, Grosser, Wholesaler General items merchant usually refers to comestible goods and sells goods
Merchant Prince Merchant with extreme wealth and influence
Mesne Lord A lord by subinfeudation, owing allegiance not directly to the king but to the main tenant
Metal Caster Casts molten metal
Metal Cutter Metal Shearer Metal puncher
Metal Refiner Metal refiner
Metalworker Those in the metal industry
Metropolitan Archbishop Urban bishop over two or more bishoprics
Metropolitan Bishop Urban bishop with cathedral in city
Midshipman Officer on a ship
Midwife Abestetrix, Accoucheuse, Baby Catcher, Grace Wife, Howdie, Howdy Woman who delivers babies
Militant Monk Militant monk enrolled in fighting order
Militant Monk Grandmaster The head of a military order of knighthood
Military Captain Lieutenant General Military officer
Military Engineer Miner, Pioneer, Sapper, Sapper/Miner, Siege Engineer Military specialists; artillerists; experts at undermining walls; digs roads, trenches and erects palisades
Military Scout Outrider Military scout
Military Trumpeter Communicates battlefield commands by trumpet blasts
Militiaman Commoner who owes about 40 days of military service to his lord per year a part-time soldier
Milkmaid Female servant who milks cows, goats, etc.
Milkman Milk merchant
Miller/Ess Corn Miller, Melder, Multurer, Swailer Grinds grains into flour
Millitisa Woman knight
Millpeck Sharpens mill stones
Millwright Designs and builds mills or mill machinery
Mime Entertainer
Mimic Entertainer
Miner Groover, Hewer, Pitman, Strip Miner Digs mines or strip mines for minerals
Miniaturist Paints miniature portraits
Minister Of The House Of Commons Two per shire chosen two from each city
Minister Of The House Of Lords Aka the upper house all seated peers
Minstrel Cantabank, Circler, Gleeman, Harpist, Jongleur, Minnesinger, Poet Itinerant poet, singer, musician and entertainer
Mirrorer Copycat or plaigerizer
Molecatcher Want Catcher, Woont Catcher Official in charge of mole control
Mondayman Works for landowner on mondays in lieu of rent
Moneychanger Cambist Exchanges money of different currencies
Moneylender Gaveller, Usurer
Monger Suffix that identifies a dealer
Monk/Nun Clerics who join monasteries and lives by a monastic rule
Monopolist Person awarded a monopoly by a sovereign power
Monthly Assists women during the first month after giving birth
Mortician Streaker Prepares corpses for funerals
Mosaic Layer Terrazzo Grinder Makes mosaics
Mother-Of-Pearl Worker Works with mother-of-pearl
Mounted Archer Can fire from horseback while riding
Mower Mawer Mows grasses with scythes
Muffin Man Muffin maker
Mug Seller Sells cups and mugs
Mule Driver Muleskinner, Muleteer Carter who uses mules
Music Seller Sells wide variety of musical instruments
Musician Musicker Entertainer who performs music for events, halls, taverns, etc,
Mystic Religious visionary who communes with god directly
Nagsman Schools horses
Nailsmith Clouter Makes nails
Naker Player Nak, Nakerer Enterainer
Napier Manages royal linens
Narrow Weaver Weaves ribbons, tapes, etc
Navigator Mariner who sets the course for for the helmsman on ships, barges, etc
Necessary Woman Empties and cleans chamber pots
Necklace Maker Makes necklaces
Necromancer Diabolist, Negromancer Wizard that practices evil magic, especially demonology or necromancy
Needle Crafter Needleworker
Needle Holer Eyer, Holer Makes eyes in needles
Needle Maker Nedeller Makes needles
Negotiator Chafferer Makes agreements between opposed parties
Net Maker Wakeman, Netter Makes nets
Night Watchman Bellman, Charley, Nightwakeman, Nightwalker, Waitman, Watchman Urban peacekeepers during the night who rings a small bell and carries a lantern, drawn from the community,
Noble Member of the peerage
Notary Noterer Makes documents official
Novice A potential entrant into a monastic community being assessed for worthiness
Novitiate Accepted into an order of friars
Numerologist Practices numerology
Nun Sister Female monk
Nurse Cares for the sick
Nursemaid Nanny Looks after small children
Oblate Child raised in a monastic community to become a monk
Oil-Maker Presser makes oils such as olive oil
Oilman Ellerman, Elliman, Elymaker, Oil Maker, Oil Merchant, Oynter Oil-merchant who sells lamp oil
Old Clothes Dealer Fripperer Old clothes merchant
Organ Maker Builds organs
Organist Organ player, entertainer or as part of church service
Orice Weaver Lacemaker
Ornamental Feather Maker Plumassier, Plumer Makes ornamental feathers
Osier Peeler Removes bark from willow rods
Ostiary Usher Monastery or church doorkeeper
Outer Barristers Utter Barristers,Apprentices Of Law Advanced students of juris prudence
Outlaw Person wanted by the law outside the protection of the law
Outworker Piece-worker who operates outside his home
Owler Sheep or wool smuggler
Oxen Driver Bullwhacker, Whacker Carter who employs oxen
Oyster Dredger Oyster Raker, Oysterer Works on an oyster fishing boat
Pack Handler Packer Loading and unloading beasts of burden
Page Knight in training ranked below squire
Painter-Stainer Artist who stains and polishes wood and other materials
Paintress Woman who hand-paints or glazes pottery
Paladin Charlemagne’s close knights
Paling Man Eel merchant
Palmer Pilgrim who's been to the holy land
Pantler Panter One who supervises or keeps the pantry
Papermaker Makes paper
Paralegal Does procedural legal work
Parchment Maker Whitear Produces parchment
Parchmenter Parchmenter, Perchemener Parchment merchant
Pardoner Sells indulgences
Parish Constable Parish Titheman, Petty Constable Law officer
Parish Priest Priest, Parochus, Pastor, Curate Presides over a parish
Paritor Church officer who executes church orders
Park Caretaker Palister, Parker Care for a park
Parson Parsona Priest of an independent parish church outside the control of greater Church heirarchy
Passage Keeper Cleans passages, closes, and alleys
Pastor Curate, Parish Priest, Parochus, Shepherd Priest who leads a congregation
Pastrycook Pasteler, Pastry Chef, Patisser Makes pastry and cakes
Patriarch Head of the eastern rite church
Pattern Maker Pricker
Pavisers Shield bearers who protect crossbowmen
Pavoir Road paver
Pavyler Pavilion raiser, sets up pavilions
Pawnbroker Fulker Holds goods for a fraction of their value
Peasant Urban commoners
Peddler Bagman, Ceapman, Chapman, Copeman, Door-To-Door Salesman, Drummer, Duffer, Farandman, Fogger, Haggler, Hawker, Higgler, Huckster, Itinerant Salesman, Packman, Petty Chapman, Sutler, Tranter, Traveling Salesman Common traveling merchant
Peel-maker Makes peels, a long handled shovel or paddle to retrieve bread from an oven
Peer A member of the noble class aka the baronage or an equal
Pensioner University student who pays his own meal ticket commoner pensioner
Peregrinator Itinerant wanderer, often a masteless man
Perfumer Parfumer, Parfumier Makes perfumes, colognes, and incense
Perpetual Deacon Lower order priest who never enters the priesthood but remains in the church,
Petty Jobber A trickster
Petty King King of small or inconsequential kingdom
Pewterer Brightsmith, Pewter Worker, Whitesmith Makes pewter utensils or containers
Philosopher Studies philosophy and by extension science
Phlebotomist Bloodletter
Phrenologist Entertainer who divines one’s character by bumps on head
Physician Archiater, Empiric, Internist, Physic, Physicker, Piss Prophet Drinks patient’s urine to determine health, proscribes drugs but not surgery, practices humoral medicine
Pickpocket Diver, Thief Thief who robs pedestrians’ pockets
Pie Seller Pie merchant
Pigeon Keeper Culver Raises and trains pigeons for messages and food
Pigman Official in charge of swine; or a crockery merchant
Pikemaker Builds pikes
Pikeman A miner who works with a pike or crowbar; a keeper of a turnpike gate; a soldier armed with a pike; or a miller's assistant
Pilgrim Palmer One who has made the pilgrimage to the holy land
Pilot Coxswain, Helmsman, Steersman Ship or boat’s helmsman
Pimp Fancy Man, Procurer Hires out prostitutes
Pimpmaker Bavin Maker Bundles waste wood to sell as fuel or kindling
Pinmaker Needlemaker, Pointmaker, Pinner Maker of metal pins for sewing
Piper Strolling pipe player or bagpiper, entertainer
Pirate Mariner actively involved in raiding other vessels or coastal communities
Piss Man Urban man with a privacy cape and a bucket for those who need to relieve themselves
Plague Doctor Doctor who treats plague victims
Plaid Maker Playderer Weaves plaids
Plain Worker Seamstress who does plain sewing or needlework as opposed to embroidery
Playwright Writes plays
Plowman Ackerman, Acreman, Clod, Earer, Hopper,Oxherd, Ploughman, Tiller, Tillerman, Tillman
Plowwright Sucksmith Makes or repairs plows
Plural Sheriff Sheriff of two or more shires
Pluralist Priest Holds two or more unconnected parishes simultaneously
Poacher Hunter who illegally poaches prey
Poet Meterer Poet entertainer who writes and recites poetry
Point-maker Pointsman Lance point maker
Pointer Sharpens needles or pins or a lace maker
Poldave Worker Makes poldave fabric
Pole Sitter Stylite Religious pole sitter
Pole-turner Makes polearms hafts
Polisher Burnisher, Metal Polisher Polishes and burnishes, not a furbisher
Pope Holy Father, Pontifact Bishop of Rome Holy Father Patriarch of the Roman Catholic Church
Port-Reeve The chief magistrate of a mercantile town
Porter Door Keeper, Doorman, Doorward, Gatekeeper, Guard, Janitor, Usher Guards the door and announces visitors
Porter Sumpter Hauls goods
Portrait Painter Paints portraits
Post-Novitiate Friar ready to take final orders
Postillion Rider on the near front horse when four or more horses are teamed
Postulant Adult who wishes to join a monastic community or first stage of being accepted into an order of friars
Pot Mender Mends pots
Potboy Collects dirty pans or chamberpots at an inn
Potter Ceramicist, Crocker, Disher, Potter, Thrower Makes or sells pottery
Pouchmaker Makes leather pouches
Poultry Dealer Polentier, Poulter, Poulterer Sells poultry
Precentor Succentor Lead chanter and music director in a church
Preceptor Head of a preceptory in a militant monastic religious order
Preceptress Female instructor or teacher
Premiere Baron Senior baron among the baronage
Premonstratensian Monk White Canon Monk in the Premonstratensian order
President Of The Council Royal household officer
Pricker Skirmishers whom ride unarmored light horses
Priest Pastor Secular or collegiate priest in charge of spiritual care of his congregation
Primate Bishop over two or more archbishoprics
Prime Minister Of The House Of Commons Drawn from among the house of commons
Prince A royal; king’s son; or a sovereign monarch in his own right
Printer Makes books with woodblock or moveable type
Prior Head of friary or assists the abbot in a monastic house
Prior Provincial Head of a province for an order of friars
Privy Great Councilor Aka great councilman royal officers twenty-four in number
Privy Seal Important official in the royal household
Privy Small Councilor Aka small councilman royal officers eight in number
Proctor University official or an attorney
Professional Hermit Hermit hired to inhabit a picturesque hermitage on estate grounds or in a plaisance
Professional Mourner Weeper Hired to fill out a funeral
Professor College lecturer
Prophet Mouthpiece for god, sometimes a mystic
Propman Cuts and fits bracing “props” to shore up mine shafts
Prospector Searches for valuable natural resources
Prostitute Fancy Woman, Gamester,Harlot, Street Walker, Whore Sex worker
Provisioner Provides supplies
Prudhommes Top urban citizens in power or qualified to assume authority
Pseudo-Cleric One who has taken minor orders; a student clerk or attorney, etc,
Puisne Baron of the Exchequer Of Pleas Four in number officer of the exchequer
Puppeteer Entertainer
Purse Maker Purser Makes purses and pouches
Purser Ship's officer in charge of provisions and accounts
Pursuivant Heraldic officer ranking below herald assistant herald
Purveyor Official whom commandeers supplies for an itinerant court king or army
Pyrographer Artist who uses fire to burn in designs
Quarryman Quarrier, Stone Getter Digs and cuts stone in a quarry
Quartermaster Mariner responsible for ship supplies
Queen Mother Former queen mother of the current king
Quilter Quilts multilayered fabric
Rabbit Breeder Warrener Breeds rabbits and other small game
Rag and Bone Collector Bone Picker, Bunter (F), Caffler, Rag-And-Bone-Man, Ragpicker rubbish reseller who collects rags and bones and dog dung for tanning
Rag Cutter Cuts up rags for making paper
Real Estate Merchant Impresario Successful realtor
Reaper Riftere, Sickleman Harvest worker who uses sickle
Receptor Incumbant for a parish church
Rector Collegiate priest who serves a parish but is paid little; parish administrator or mission specific leader.
Rector Emiratus Retired rector
Reed Collector Reeder Harves reeds for hedging or thatching
Reedmaker Made the comb used in tapestry weaving or makes flutes and other wind instruments
Reeve Church warden; or a virgater who answers to bailiff, peasant who uses tally sticks to keep track of payments
Regent Exercises power during the minority absence or disability of the sovereign
Registrar Registers events such as land purchases births deaths marriages etc or
Regrator Middle men or re-seller
Relief Plasterer Pargeter, Pargetter, Plaisterer, White Limer Does ornamental plaster reliefs
Relieving Officer Officials who assessed the poor for assistance
Religion Teacher Catechista Teaches catechisms to the young
Renderer Rivener, Cleaver Prepares meat
Rent Collector Rent Man Collects rent for landlord
Renter Of The Bridge Trust London bridge official
Repousser Makes low-relief metal decoration from in front who makes repousse
Restauranteur Owns or runs a restaurant
Ripper Brings fish inland from the coast to market
Riveter Uses metal rivets
Road Builder Pathfinder, Pioneer, Way-Maker Builds roads
Road Surveyor Wayman Royal official who assessed road taxes and fines
Road Warden Polices and inspects roads
Roadmender Mends roads
Robber Baron Baron turned to brigandry and highway robbery
Robber Knight Knight turned to brigandry and highway robbery
Rocksalt Miner Rock getter Mines salt
Roofer Makes and repairs roofs
Ropemaker Roper Makes ropes and nets
Rotisser Roasts food
Rough Mason Scappler Roughs out stonework for the freemason to finish, and packs walls with rubble cores
Routiers Mercenary, member of Free Company, Condottieri
Royal Barber Household officer cuts king’s hair
Royal Beekeeper Household officer keeps king’s bees
Royal Duke Monarch’s younger brother
Royal Falconer Grand Falconer Household official
Royal Forest Eyre Forestry judge
Royal Gauger Royal excise official for imports and exports
Royal Huntsman Household officer
Royal Purveyor Official who requisitions goods for a traveling king and his court
Royal Squires Answers to the master of squires in the king’s household
Royal Treasurer Chief Baron Of The Exchequer Important household official administers king’s wealth and the Royal mints
Royal Yeoman of the Guard Archers who serve as royal bodyguards
Rug Merchant Rugman
Rug Weaver Rug weaver
Rumormonger Collects and sells rumors
Sacristan Sacrist Oversees a church’s relics and religious items, or acts as church usher and bellringer
Saddler Makes repairs or sells saddles or other horse furnishings
Saddletree Maker Fewster, Fuster Makes frames for saddles for saddler
Sage Person of great knowledge and expert
Saggar Maker Shrager Made the fireclay containers for pottery firing
Sagger Makers Assistant Bottom Knocker in the pottery industry
Sail Maker Makes sailcloth
Sailor Buccaneer, Canvas Climber, Freshwater Man, Jack, Lagger, Mariner, Pirate, Seaman, Shipman, Waterman Professional mariner
Saint Deceased holy figure and divine intercessor responsible for three or more miracles after death
Salable Rubbish Merchant Raffman Buys and sells rubbish
Salt Seller Sells salt
Salter Salt Boiler Makes salt or fine grain salt by boiling sea water
Sargent-At-Arms Commands about 100 men-at-arms per company
Sauce Cook Saucier Sauce maker
Saw Sharpener Gummer Sharpens old saws
Sawyer Saws timbers to boards
Say Weaver Makes say cloth
Scabbard Maker Sheath Maker,Sheather,Vaginarius Makes scabbards
Scale Maker Makes merchant scales
Scholar Academic, Sage, Savant Expert on a given subject
School Teacher Lector, Pedascule, Schoolmaster Teaches basic education
Scop Entertainer
Scrimer Dance Master Skilled fencer, his teachings can be showy and useless
Scripture Reader House-to-house reader who encourages parishioners to attend church, and reads during service
Scrivener Clerk, Copyist, Graffer, Notary, Scribe, Secretary Writes letters and legal documents for others
Scullion Kitchen Boy, Scullery Maid, Wafer Maker Performs menial tasks
Sculptor Graver Stone carver
Scythe-smith Scythe maker
Seamstress Sempster, Sewster Sews clothes
Seaweed Harvester Seaweed harvester
Second-Hand Clothing Merchant Botcher Mends and resells old garments
Secret Seal Royal household official
Secular Canon Regular Priest, canon Monk in a monastic house who has been ordained friar who has been ordained; see “canon”
Secular Priest Ordained priest not part of a monastic order
Sedge Man Applies sedge as roofing material
Seer Diviner Prognosticator
Seneschal Assisted the grand master of a militant monastic order
Sept Chieftain Chief of a clan subdivision
Serf Adscripticius, Servi Unfree rural laborer tied to the land
Sergeant Lay brothers in a militant monastic religious order; he commands a unit of soldiers; a holder of inalienable duties to the monarch and seen as a great honor
Sergeant-At-Law Man Of Law The aristocrats of lawyers
Servant Indentured Servant Menial household laborer
Server Sewer Serves food at table, seats guests at table
Seward Officer of parish swine
Sewer Repairman Sewerman Keeps sewers from clogging
Sewing Clerk Collector of clothing piecework
Sexton Bedman Church officer who digs graves, rings bells, upkeeps property
Shaggy Hat Maker Hurer Makes bristly or shaggy hats
Shagreen Worker Works with shagreen or similar granulated leather
Shaman A tribal combination mage and priest
Shank Maker Makes woolen shanks
Shanty Man Leads ship crew in singing shanties
Sharecropper Tenant farmer paid with a portion of his crop
Shear Grinder Sharpens shears and scissors
Shearman Aka sheaman trims the loose wool from the cloth
Sheather Makes Sword Sheaths
Sheepshearer Cutter, Shearman, Sherman Shears sheep
Sheet Metal Maker Plattner Beat out sheets of metal
Shepherd Ewe Herd, Sheep Drover, Sheepman Sheep herder, shepherd
Sheriff Shire Reeve The king’s top judicial officer in each shire
Shield Maiden Scandinavian warrior women
Shingler Roof tiler who used wooden shingles
Ship Husband Repairs ships in harbor
Ship Provisioner Ship-chandler Ship provisioner
Ship Trimmer Trims a ship by re-arranging its cargo
Ship’s Blockcutter Laid down blocks upon which a ship’s keel was laid
Ship’s Captain Master Mariner, Skipper, Sea Captain Ship’s captain or master mariner
Ship’s Graver Dockside worker who burns and tars ship hulls
Ship's Pilot Loadsman Steers ship
Ship’s Rigger Works on a ship's rigging and hoists tackle
Shipwright Boatwright, Chip, Chippie, Ship’s Husband, Shipwane Builds and repairs ships
Shopkeeper Apron Man, Aproneer, Merchant, Trader Shop clerk
Shrimper Shrimp fisherman
Sidesman Assisted the churchwarden
Sieve-Maker Siever Makes sieves
Signet Royal household official
Silk Spinner Silk Twister Spins silk
Silk Weaver First Hand, Sarcinet Weaver, Settere Silk weaving outworker
Silk Winder Windster Winds silk
Silk-Binder Silker Sews fabric ends to prevent layers from separating
Silk-Dresser Silk-Carder, Silk-Dyer, Silk-Maker, Silk-Mercer Silk weaving outworkers; or prepares the silk for
Silk-Dyer Dyes silk
Silk-Maid Silkwoman Makes silk items
Silk-Mercer Silk goods merchant
Silk-Snatcher Bonnet Thief A petty urban criminal
Silkman/Woman Works in the silk industry
Silversmith Whitesmith Silver worker
Sin Eater Relieves the dead of sin
Singer Canter, Chaunter Street entertainer who sings ballads
Sizer Applied sizing to cloth
Skinner Butcher, Flesher, Fleshewer Tanning specialist who de-fleshes skin
Skirmisher Soldier used to harass enemy movements
Slate Tiler Hellier, Hillard, Hiller, Hillier, Slater, Tiler Roofed houses with slate
Slave Unfree person
Slave Dealer Slaver, Venalitii Slave dealer
Slave Overseer Slave Driver Slave administrator
Slaymaker Makes slays for loom
Slinger Wields a sling to hunt or fight
Slopseller Cheap clothing merchant
Small Councilman King’s close advisors, eight in number
Small Holder Middle class peasant more land than cottager less land than a villein
Smallware Maker Makes smallware tapes and braids
Smelter Bloomer, Boom Smith, Bowdler Refines raw ore into pure metals
Smuggler Messenger, Runner, Trover Traffics illegal goods
Snuffer Maker Makes candle snuffers
Soap Maker Soap Boiler, Sopere Makes soap
Sodalist Knight Knight inducted into a civilian chivalric order
Sojourner Traveling clothes salesman
Soldier Armed military man
Sorcerer Necromancer, Negromancer, Diabolist Uses black magic
Sovereign Prince Prince that rules in his own right
Sparrow-Hawks Keeper Sperviter Raises and trains sparrow hawks
Speaker Of The House Of Commons Officer in the House of Commons
Speaker Of The House Of Lords Officer in the House of Commons
Spearman Soldier armed with spear
Spectacle Makers Spectacle maker
Spice Merchant Spicer, Pepperer Grocer or dealer in spices
Spoon-Maker Spooner Makes spoons
Spurrier Spur Maker, Spurner, Spurrer Makes spurs
Spy Intelligencer Gathers information secretly
Squire Armigeri, Esquire Knight in training at least 14 years old; one born to knightly estate but not knighted, in training in a militant monastic religious order
Stable Clerk Officer in the royal stables
Stained Glass Worker Makes stained glass
Stained Glass Worker Painter Of Glass Makes stained glass
Stall-Man Handseller, Lot Seller, Pedler, Street Seller, Street Vendor Keeps a market stall
Standard Bearer Ensign Military officer who signals troops in battle
Statesman Statist Politician
Stationary Maker Stationer Copyist, papermaker
Stationer Bookseller Sells books and stationary, also publishes books
Steward Chatelaine, Seneshal, Cellarer Legal and administrative professional, usually a knight or cleric
Steward Of The Household Monarch's assistant and second in control, royal household officer
Stillroom Maid Cares for pregnant women
Stitcher Does decorative stitching
Stockinger Knitter, Weaver Dealer in stockings
Stone Picker Removes stones from fields before planting
Stone Sorter Rubbisher, Rubbler Sorts small stones in the quarry
Stone Workers Works with stone
Stonemason Mason, Waller, Brick-Layer Builder with stone
Storeman Responsible for stored goods
Storyteller Entertainer
Straw Hat Maker Plaiter, Straw Plaiter Makes straw hats or makes straw braids for the hat industry
Street Cleaner Dung sweeper, Raker Street orderly
Stringer Stringfellow, Stringman, Longbow String Maker Bowstring maker
Strong Man Entertainer
Student Studies at a university
Stuff Weaver Weaves stuff which is the coarse part of flax
Sub-Deacon Assists priest or deacon may be married a priest in training
Sub-King Secondary king within a greater kingdom
Sub-Prior Assists the prior in a monastic house third in command
Sub-Prioress Assists the prioress in a nunnery third in command
Subdean Of College Of Cardinals Assists the college of cardinal’s dean
Subtlety Chef Warner Makes edible works of art for feasts
Suburban Cardinal Bishop Bishop who belongs to the college of cardinals
Succentor Lead chanter and music director in a church
Suffragan Archbishop Assistant archbishop with right of inheritance to see
Suffragan Bishop Assistant bishop with right of inheritance to see
Summoner Apparitor, Hender, Henter, Sumner Official who summoned witnesses in the ecclesiastical courts or officer of the court who serves subpoenas in civil courts
Surgeon Barber-Dentist, Barber-Surgeon, Bonesetter, Chirurgeon, Leech, Sawbones Performs surgeries, sets fractured and dislocated bones, provides battlefield surgery and first aid, not an internist
Surgeon’s Assistant Dresser Apprentice surgeon
Surveyor Arpenteur, Land Meter, Rodman, Rope Stretcher, Stone Warden
Surveyor's Assistant Poleman, Rodman Apprentice surveyor
Swashbuckler Wears a sword and buckler
Sweeper Broom Man Professional sweeper
Swineherd Foreman, Hoggard, Muggler, Pig Drover, Pig Keeper, Pigherd, Pigman, Swineyard Herds pigs
Sword Swallower Entertainer
Swordsmith Bladesmith, Sword Cutler
Tableclothier Royal household officer
Tabour Player Taborer Entertainer
Tacksman Leases a large tract of land and sublet it in small lots
Tailor Sempster Male sewer
Tailor Cissor, Sempster, Sewster, Sissor, Sorter Fixes and makes clothes, or a minor household official helps king dress
Tailor’s Assistant Bushelman Tailor's apprentice who repaired or altered clothes
Tallow Chandler Tallow candle-maker and seller
Tallyman Tallier, Tally Clerk, Tallyfellow Sold goods that were paid for in installments; account keeper using tally sticks; keeps records of goods arriving or departing from warehouses docks on notched tally sticks, etc
Tan Bark Stripper Strips tree bark for tannin used in leather production
Tanner Barkman, Basil Worker, Cuhreaur, Cunreaur, Currier, Barker, Leather Maker, Tanney Cures leather
Tapestry Weaver Tapicer Embroiders tapestries
Tapster Barmaid, Bartender, Innkeeper, Skinkster, Tapley Serves ale or puts taps in ale casks
Tassel Maker Tasseler Makes tassels
Tavern Owner Vinter, Vintner, Vintager, Vineroon, Viniculturist, Winemaker Tavern owner or wine merchant
Taverner Ale Wife, Belhoste, Tapster, Tavern Keeper, Tippler Operates a tavern
Tax Collector Excise Man, Gabeler, Magistrate, Revenue Officer, Revenuer, Taxman
Teacher Educator
Teller Of The Receipt Of The Exchequer Officer in the exchequer
Temporary Member One who joins a military monastic religious order temporarily
Tenant Inholder A renter
Tenders Of Mews Cares for hawks
Tent Maker Tentsman Makes tents and pavillions
Teutonic Knight Knight Of The Cross Militant monastic order
Thatcher Roof Thatcher, Straw Joiner, Thacker Makes thatch roofs
Theologian Scholar and philosopher specializing in God, his doctrine, and theology
Theurgist Thaumaturgist, Prophet religious wonder worker related to mystics.
Thief Cutpurse, Pickpocket, Piller, Puggard, Robber Robber
Thimblerigger Sharper, Thimbler Professional sharper who runs a thimblerig
Thread Winder Winds thread onto shuttles
Threadmaker Spinner Makes thread
Thug Local Muscle, Street Tough, Tough Petty criminals for hire
Tide Gauger Urban official who monitors tide levels
Tightrope Walker Aerialist, Funambulist Entertainer
Tile Maker Tile Burner, Tile-Maker Bakes clay into ornate tiles
Tiler Hellier, Hillier, Theakster, Tile-Theeker, Tyler Roofs with tile
Timber Rafter Rafts free floating timber downstream to market
Tinker Clouter, Tinkerer, Tinman, Tinnier Repairs tin pots and similar items or is a nail-maker
Tinsmith Spalder, Spallier, Tin Worker, Tinner, Whitesmith Tin worker who performs menial tasks or tin worker
Tithing Man Leader of the administrative unit called a tithing or tything
Titular Archbishop Archbishop with no see
Titular Bishop Bishop with no set see
Titular Cardinal Bishop Titular bishop who belongs to the college of cardinals
Toll Bridge Collector Tavers Collects tolls for bridge crossings
Toll-Keeper Toller, Tollgate Keeper, Tollie, Tolman, Turnpike Keeper Collects tolls
Tool Maker Tool maker
Top Sawyer Upper man in saw pit
Topman Sailor who works in the ship's rigging
Torturer Tortures prisoners for information
Tournier Woodturner, professional jouster, jailor
Town Crier Announcer, Beadle, Bedel, Bedell, Clapman, Harker Proclaims official news and public announcements, sometimes is also an ale taster
Town Militia Man Part-time soldier who defends his town
Toymaker Makes toys
Tracker Tracks animals or people
Trader Barterer Trades merchandise for a profit
Trapeze Artist Aerialist, Aeronaut Entertainer
Traveling Tutor Bearleader Itinerant teacher or educator
Treasurer Hordere, Cofferer Chief financial officer of the realm and senior officer of the exchequer
Treasurer Of The King’s Civil List Assists the intendant of the civil list
Treasurer Of The Upper Exchequer Chancellor Of The Upper Exchequer, Chancellor In Fee An officer of the
Treenail Maker Makes wooden fasteners ships
Trencher Maker Makes wooden platters (trencher) for serving food
Trinitarians Mathurin Red friars
Tripe Dresser Prepares tripe for sale
Troubadour/Bairitz Trouvère Noble-born minstrel from souther France who sing in Occitan
Trumpet Player Helped signal the time in towns and cities
Trunk Maker Male Maker Makes leather trunks, containers, wooden tree trunks, cabinets, etc.
Turnspit Quistron Operates the spit handle
Tutor Bearleader A private teacher
Twine Maker Twine Puller Spins twine
Under-Constable Third-Borough Assistant constable
Under-Sheriff Deputy Sheriff Answers to the sheriff
Undergarment Dealer Sells undergarments
Undergraduate University student who has not graduated
Unguent Seller Unguentary Sells unguents
University Fellow University graduate with bachelors degree
University Fellow Commoner University student who eats with fellows
University Servitor Undergraduate who performs menial duties in exchange for tuition assistance
Unskilled Laborer Casual Worker, Classman, Day Man, Esne-Workman, Farmhand, Farmworker, Guinea Pig, Hind, Hired Man, Menial, Piner, Servant, Shuffler, Yardman Laborer who takes work that requires little or no skill
Unskilled Laborer’s Assistant Tenter Assistant laborer
Upholsterer Aphosterer, Upholder Soft furnishing maker, or second-hand goods merchant
Urban Cardinal Bishop Metropolitan bishop who belongs to the college of cardinals
Urban Knight Unlanded knight who lives in urban settlement
Urchin Unclaimed urban child
Used Garment Dealer Sells used clothes
Usher Door Attendant, Doorman, Huissher, Verger Royal household officer; official who serves up summons and executes ecclesiastical court processes; or pew opener
Vagrant Gentleman Of The Road, Millstone Inspector, Peregrinater, Piker, Stravaiger, Tramp, Tramp, Vagabond, masterless man
Valet Attendant, Body-Servant, Personal Servant Personal attendant for a nobleman gentleman or important personage
Valet Of The Chamber Valettus Royal civil servant and diplomat
Valuator Values objects
Vassal Holds land and authority granted from another usually a lord a reciprocal relationship
Vellum maker Fell Monger Cleans hair or fur from leather to make vellum
Venerable Saints responsible for a single miracle after death
Venerer Butcher prey animals in the field during hunt
Ventriloquist Voice thrower entertainer
Verderer Gamekeeper Royal forest official, day-to-day administrator who stops poachers and illegal wood cutting
Verger Assists priest in the running the church
Vermin Controller Rat Catcher, Ratoner, Rattener Urban rat controller
Vestment Maker Make priestly gowns for clerics and churches
Vicar Clergyman poorly paid to substitute for the parish priest
Vicar General A bishop’s substitute bishop when needed
Vice Admiral Assists the admiral
Vice Rector Rector’s assistant
Viceroy/Vicereine Deputy ruler for a sovereign
Victoriouser One who pretends to have been a Holy Land pilgrim
Victualler Sells ready-to-eat food and has an alcohol liscence
Village Idiot Homeless scapegoat cared for by the community
Villein Wealthy peasant
Vintenar Military officer in charge of twenty soldiers
Virgator Peasant who owns a virgate of land
Virginal Player Musician and entertainer
Viscount Noble greater than a baron but less than an earl or count
Volva Scandinavian magic user women
Wafer Maker Confectioner and cake maker or royal household officer
Wain House Proprietor Rents out wagon storage
Wainwright Cart builder or wagon builder
Wakeman Musician in town band and part of town guard
Walking-Stick Filer Cainer Makes walking sticks
Wall Painter Paints walls
Waller Dresser, Wall Mason Builds walls
Ward Guardian or watchman
Warden Top administrator in a guild royal officer forest officer head of a city ward
Warden of the Autumn Two officials who oversee village harvest
Warehouseman Warehouser Oversees a warehouse
Warrener Official in charge and carring for an artificial rabbit warren
Watch Detective Beadle Law enforcement officer
Watchman City Watchman, Gater Citizan brigade for nightly law enforcement
Water Bailiff Fishing rights official on a stretch of water
Water Hauler Aquarius, Bogeman, Loder, Water Carrier, Water Ewer, Water Hauler, Water Leader, Water Leder, Water Seller Transports and sells fresh drinking water
Waterfowl Trapper Water Gilder Waterfowl hunter
Wattle Hurdle Maker Wattler Makes wattle fences for sheep enclosures
Wax Chandler Candle Maker, Candler Makes and sells wax candles
Weapon/Armor Dealer Buys and sells weapons and armor
Weaponsmith Weaponeer Weapon maker
Weather Wizard Tempestarri summon or banish weather for a living
Weaver Bravener, Textor, Wabster, Webb, Webber, Webster Weaves fabric on a loom
Weights and Measures Official Ponderator, Troner Market weighing official
Weir Keeper Keeps fish traps
Well Master Ensures clean water
Well Sinker Digs wells
Well Wright Makes winding equipment to raise bucket in well
Wet Martyr One who bled while he died for his faith
Wet-nurse Suckles the child of another woman
Whalebone Seller Whalebone Merchant
Whaler Whale catcher and processor
Wharf Owner Wharfinger Owns and operates a wharf
Wheelwright Wheel Maker, Wheeler Makes or repairs wagon wheels or stables official in royal
Wherry Operator Wherryman Operates a wherry
Whipcord Maker Whip maker
White Cooper Makes barrels from tin
White Leather Maker Whittawer Makes white leather
White Limer Makes plaster using lime-and-water plaster
Whitewasher Whitewashes walls
Wig Maker Periwig Maker, Peruke Maker, Nob Thatcher Wig maker
Wine Crier Combined town crier plus wine quality official
Wine Merchant Wine Seller Wine merchant
Wine-Drawer Wine dock recievers and delivery
Wire Maker Wiredrawer
Wise Woman Cunning Woman, Henwife Village woman who practices natural magic, sometimes mistaken for a witch
Witch Pagan or folk sorceress belonging to a witch’s coven
Witch Hunter Pricker Member of the inquisition
Wizard’s Apprentice Famulus Apprentice adept, or acolyte
Wolf Hunter Luparius Officer in charge of hunting wolves
Wood Seller Woodmonger Wood merchant
Woodcarver Treen Maker, Whittler Makes domestic articles from wood
Woodcutter Axeman, Board Hewer, Feller, Hewer, Jack. Logger, Lumberer, Lumberjack, Lumberman, Shanty Man Fells trees
Woodturner Bodger, Turner Lathe worker and itinerant furniture maker uses green wood
Woodward Woodreeve, Ranger Forest official who oversees trees and firewood, or peasant official who answers to beadle and collects firewood payments
Wool Cleaner Backwasher Cleans wool
Wool Comber Combere, Kempster Combs wool
Wool Examiner Ulnager Official who examines woolen goods for quality
Wool Factor Wool merchant’s agent
Wool Merchant Lotter, Wholesaler, Wool And Cloth, Merchant, Wool Driver Brings wool to market
Wool Sorter Stapler Sorts wool into grades
Wool Spinner Spins Wool
Wool Stapler Riddler Grades and re-sells wool
Wool Teaser Opens up matted wool for carding
Wool Walker Walker Part of wool making process
Wool Weaver Wool Webster Weaves wool
Wool Winder Makes balls of wool
Worsted Man Shearman Makes worsted
Worsted Weaver Tapicer, Tapiter Weaves worsted
Wrecker Plunders ships crashed on the shore or just offshore
Wrestler Skilled wrestler
Wright General builder or repairer
Writer Author Writes or researches original content
Yarn Comber Cemmer Combs yarn before weaving
Yearman Worker contracted to work for a year
Yeoman Rural militiaman often archers and landowners
Yeoman Of The Guard Archers who serve as bodyguards
Yeoman of the Jewels Jewelry guard and caretaker

Dictionary

1706 Words.

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Aorlis and all associated contents or products are (c) 1983 by Scott A. Story

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Language
World
The Realms of Aorlis Fantasy Setting
Category
Miscellaneous in Historical Resources
Author
Scott Story
Publication Date
18 May, 2024
Creation Date
18 May, 2024
Last Update Date
21 Jan, 2025
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