Stomish

Natively known as: Stomish /Stom/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
e fi smam fi isk surkh e fi nent jentr vri oz uts
Pronunciation: /e fʲi smamʲ fʲi isk surx e fʲi nent jentr vrʲi oz uʦ/
Stomish word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: b bʲ d dʲ f fʲ g j k l lʲ m mʲ n nʲ p pʲ r rʲ s sʲ t tʲ v vʲ x z zʲ ɕː ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː ʦ ʨ  

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m mʲ		n nʲ
Stop	p pʲ b bʲ		t tʲ d dʲ				k g
Affricate			ʦ		ʨ
Fricative		f fʲ v vʲ	s sʲ z zʲ	ʂ ʂː ʐ ʐː	ɕː		x
Approximant						j
Trill			r rʲ
Lateral approximant			lʲ l

  Vowel inventory: a e i o u  

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

  Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?   Spelling rules:  

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʨ	ch
x	kh
ʐ	zh
ʂ	sh
ʦ	ts
ʲ
ɕː	shch

 

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Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Ergative	Suffix -u shkistru /ˈʂkistru/ dog (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	No affix shkistr /ʂkistr/ dog (doing an intransitive verb)

 

Singular	No affix shkistr /ʂkistr/ dog
Plural	Reduplicate first part of first syllable shkishkistr /ˈʂkiʂkistr/ dogs

 

Articles

  Vzramish has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.
 

Pronouns

 

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	zvelm /zvʲelʲm/ I	i /i/ me
2nd singular	ni /nʲi/ you	zi /zi/ you
3rd singular masc	fi /fʲi/ he, it (masc)	srij /srʲij/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	o /o/ she, it (fem)	prat /prʲatʲ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	pukh /pux/ we	osl /osl/ us
2nd plural	shto /ʂto/ you all	ont /ont/ you all
3rd plural	gli /gli/ they	pi /pi/ them

 

Possessive determiners

 

	Possessive
1st singular	zvelm /zvʲelʲm/ my
2nd singular	ni /nʲi/ your
3rd singular masc	fi /fʲi/ his
3rd singular fem	o /o/ her
1st plural	pukh /pux/ our
2nd plural	shto /ʂto/ your (pl)
3rd plural	gli /gli/ their

 

Verbs

 

Present	No affix fsers /fsʲers/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -zʲnʲ Else: Suffix -uzʲnʲ fsersuzn /ˈfsʲersuzʲnʲ/ learned
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en fsersen /ˈfsʲersen/ will learn

 

Progressive aspect

  The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Vzramish uses an affix for progressive:  

Progressive

Suffix -iz fsersiz /ˈfsʲersiz/ is learning

 

Habitual aspect

  The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Vzramish uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

Suffix -o fserso /ˈfsʲerso/ learns

 

Numbers

  Vzramish has a base-10 number system:   1 - tkoj
2 - chi
3 - no
4 - om
5 - vrak
6 - chafshoj
7 - slobro
8 - us
9 - ruj
10 - khro
100 - uleshni
1000 - blo
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -e
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt
Else: Suffix -unt
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -op
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -u
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʂtʲ
Else: Suffix -eʂtʲ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -u
Tending to = Suffix -izʲnʲ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʂke
Else: Suffix -iʂke
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kt
Else: Suffix -ekt
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -u
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ef
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʂtʲ
Else: Suffix -oʂtʲ
Augmentative = Suffix -a