Ochridian

Natively known as: Ɑgɹɪdiæn /ˈɑkɹɪˌdiæn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
chông âr naung îng yì hàdau chông zhī yì mōn bü̂yu ādaū e

chông âr naung ing yi hàdau chong zhi yì mon buyu e adau

Pronunciation: /ʈʂʰʊ˥˩ŋ a˥˩ʐ nau˧ŋ i˥˩ŋ ji˨˩˦ ˈxa˨˩˦tau˧ ʈʂʰʊ˥˩ŋ ʈʂi˧˥ ji˨˩˦ mʊ˥n ˈpy˥˩ju˧ ˈa˧˥tau˥ ə˧/
Ochridian word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /f j k kʰ l m n p pʰ s t tʰ w x ŋ ɥ ʂ ʂʰ ʈ ʐ ʦ ʦʰ ʨ ʨʰ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n				ŋ
Stop	p pʰ		t tʰ	ʈ			k kʰ
Affricate			ʦ ʦʰ		ʨ ʨʰ
Fricative		f	s	ʂ ʂʰ ʐ			x
Approximant						j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-palatal	Labial-velar
Approximant	ɥ	w

Vowel inventory: /a ai au ei i o ou u y ə ɛ ɤ ʊ/
Diphthongs: ai, au, ei, ou
Tones: ˧ ˥ ˧˥ ˨˩˦ ˥˩

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u
Near-high			ʊ
High-mid			ɤ o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: f, fw, j, k, kw, kʰ, kʰw, l, lj, lw, m, mj, n, nj, p, pj, pw, pʰ, pʰj, s, sw, t, tj, tw, tʰ, tʰj, tʰw, w, x, xj, xw, ɥ, ʂ, ʂw, ʈʂ, ʈʂw, ʈʂʰ, ʈʂʰw, ʐ, ʐw, ʦ, ʦw, ʦʰ, ʦʰw, ʨ, ʨj, ʨw, ʨʰ, ʨʰj, ʨʰw
Mid-word consonants: f, j, k, kw, kʰ, l, lj, lw, m, mj, n, nf, nj, nk, nkʰ, nl, nlj, nm, nn, nnj, np, npj, npʰ, ns, nt, ntw, ntʰ, nw, nx, nxj, nxw, nɥ, nʂ, nʈʂ, nʈʂʰ, nʐ, nʦ, nʦʰ, nʨ, nʨj, nʨʰ, nʨʰj, nʨʰw, p, pj, pʰ, s, t, tj, tw, tʰ, w, x, xj, xw, ŋ, ŋf, ŋj, ŋk, ŋkw, ŋkʰw, ŋl, ŋm, ŋmj, ŋn, ŋp, ŋs, ŋt, ŋtj, ŋtʰ, ŋw, ŋx, ŋxj, ŋxw, ŋɥ, ŋʂ, ŋʈʂ, ŋʈʂʰ, ŋʐ, ŋʦ, ŋʦw, ŋʦʰ, ŋʨ, ŋʨj, ŋʨʰ, ŋʨʰj, ɥ, ʂ, ʈʂ, ʈʂʰ, ʐ, ʐtʰ, ʐʦ, ʐʨʰj, ʦ, ʦw, ʦʰ, ʦʰw, ʨ, ʨj, ʨʰ, ʨʰj
Word final consonants: n, ŋ, ʐ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• p → v / _#
• l → n / #_V[+nasal]
• p → b / m_
• s → h / V_V
• j → i / C_#
• u → o / _Ca

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Singular	No affix fìr /fi˨˩˦ʐ/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɛ˧n fìran /ˈfi˨˩˦ʐɛ˧n/ dogs

Articles

Ochridian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	peī /pʰei˧˥/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	chue /ʈʂʰwə˧/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	âr /a˥˩ʐ/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	lār /la˥ʐ/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural inclusive	sûr /su˥˩ʐ/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	sūr /su˧˥ʐ/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	gê /kɤ˥˩/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	gā /ka˥/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	aung /au˧ŋ/ my
2nd singular	zaî /ʦai˥˩/ your
3rd singular masc	yì /ji˨˩˦/ his
3rd singular fem	daūng /tau˥ŋ/ her
1st plural inclusive	taūng /tʰau˧˥ŋ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	aùr /au˨˩˦ʐ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	war /wɛ˧ʐ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	i /i˧/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st singular	Suffix -i˥˩ abyeiî /ˈɛ˧pjei˧i˥˩/ (I) learn	Prefix o˧- oabyei /ˈo˧ɛ˧pjei˧/ (I) learned
2nd singular	Suffix -ɛ˥ abyeiā /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ɛ˥/ (you) learn	Suffix -ei˥ŋ abyeieīng /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ei˥ŋ/ (you) learned
3rd singular	Prefix ʈʂa˧- zhaabyei /ˈʈʂa˧ɛ˧pjei˧/ (he/she/it) learns	Prefix ʈʂʰwau˥- chuaūabyei /ˈʈʂʰwau˥ɛ˧pjei˧/ (he/she/it) learned
1st plural inclusive	Prefix mʊ˥- mōabyei /ˈmʊ˥ɛ˧pjei˧/ (we) learn (including you)	Suffix -ə˧ abyeie /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ə˧/ (we) learned (including you)
1st plural exclusive	Suffix -ei˧ abyeiei /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ei˧/ (we) learn (excluding you)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʐ Else: Suffix -ə˥˩ʐ abyeir /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ʐ/ (we) learned (excluding you)
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -o˥ŋ abyeing /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ŋ/ (you all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix kʰ- Else: Prefix kʰo˨˩˦- kabyei /ˈkʰɛ˧pjei˧/ (you all) learned
3rd plural	Suffix -i˥˩ŋ abyeiîng /ˈɛ˧pjei˧i˥˩ŋ/ (they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix su˥˩- sabyei /ˈsɛ˧pjei˧/ (they) learned

Ochridian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: u˧˥ʐ - ūr abyei /u˧˥ʐ ˈɛ˧pjei˧/ will learn

Imperfective Aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Ochridian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɤ˧ŋ abyeieng /ˈɛ˧pjei˧ɤ˧ŋ/ learns/is learning

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb Prefix ʈʂʰʊ˧˥-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) If starts with vowel: Prefix ʂ- Else: Prefix ʂɤ˨˩˦-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) Prefix ʊ˧˥-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) Prefix a˧-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) Prefix ə˥˩-
Noun to verb If starts with vowel: Prefix ʦʰ- Else: Prefix ʦʰɤ˥-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) Prefix ʈʂʰo˧-
Tending to Prefix ʈʂwou˥˩-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) Prefix mei˥-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) If starts with vowel: Prefix x- Else: Prefix xa˨˩˦-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix nau˧-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) Prefix i˥-
Diminutive Prefix a˥-
Augmentative Prefix u˥˩-