Ašu

We were Ašu in the Land of Two Rivers, and we are Aškari of the Flourishing Desert. We died, and we live, forever united in the Darkness of our Mother.

Introduction

General information

Ašu was once the mother tongue of Aškari ancestors (Ašu) hundreds of years back, when they lived in a green fertile land between the two rivers. As the land remained virtually the same throughout many generations, the language was built around whatever was available: the plants, the trees, the lands... Despite the popular belief, the Ašu that survived was not spoken on a daily basis, but rather it was used for trade and diplomatic communication between the neighouring tribes.

In its core the language was mostly influenced by the tribes of: Ašu, Oun (words connected to night-sky celestial bodies, especially the Moon and the stars) and numerous tribes inhabiting the shores of Lake Yurund (words connected to water, rivers and water-based trade routes). Several symbols and meanings can be traced to the northern mountain tribes (Suru, Krÿvÿs and Yrkyt).

Ancient Lands

Heritage

While the language is not spoken on a daily basis, it did survive in some ritual texts and stories, both in written and spoken form.

King Sturgeon and the Farmers

One of the best preserved and the most often retold stories from the ancient days is the King Sturgeon and the Farmers. The text tells a story of a greedy king who summoned the farmers to satisfy his cravings. The story was written on several clay tablets, some of them badly damaged and indecipherable.

Ǔrùndě baděša' dē šūgamū (King Sturgeon and the Farmers) story. Tablet 1 by Angantyr
Ǔrùndě sū.
Ǔrùndě baděša' dē šūgamū lūndě.
Ǔrùndě ba: Ǔrùndě sū. Dē šūgamū dū šūgamū.
Ūḍḍě šūgamū dū šūš. Ǔrùndě ūbžūš.
Ǔrùndě ba: Ǔrùndě sū.
Ḍǎdě šūgamū dū šūšné. Ǔrùndě ūbné.
Ǔrùndě ba: Ǔrùndě sū.
Médě šūgamū ba: Ǔrùndě nū. Médě áddá.
Ǔrùndě fūba: Médě dū šūgamū dū médědǔ.
Médě šūgamū ba: Ǔrùndě nū gédě. Médě áddá.
Ǔrùndě fūfba: Médě dū ...
King Sturgeon is hungry.
He summons the farmers to king's house.
The king says: "I'm hungry. The farmers shall give me food."
The first farmer gives the grain. King Sturgeon eats it and says: "I'm hungry."
The second farmer brings beer. King Sturgeon drinks it and says: "I'm hungry."
The third farmer says: "The king is fat. I will give nothing."
King Sturgeon replies angry: "You are to give me food and your wife!"
The third farmer says: "The king is a fat and rotten man. I will give nothing."
King Sturgeon replies furious: You are to give eve...the tablet is broken here

The slow death

It was noted that at one point in history the climate began to shift towards drier and hotter summers, depleting the frozen water reservoirs in the mountain regions. Consequently, the once stable and invariable ecosystem suffered a critical blow, forcing many species to extinction; and with them the many logograms standing for their meanings. At first the Ašu tried to mitigate the problem. Many words were borrowed from neighbouring languages in hopes to fill in the hole. It did not help, though, and most tribes saw the decrease in quality and quantity of goods provided by Ašu; and agriculture was the cornerstone of their economy. The Ašu was in decline.

The event started one of the largest migrations. With the influx of inhabitants from the central plain spread the knowledge of agriculture and writing. As the tribe moved away from their mother land, new words replaced the old ones. The original signs and speech adjusted to the local language pattern and traditions; the original Ašu became a language of tradition and memory. Ašu script was adjusted and tens if not hundreds of variations were created over the course of a generation. The death of one language gave birth to the many.

As the stories are told, the greatest migration followed the rivers upstream and circled the mountain ranges from the west. Instead of water they found the desert. It decimated their numbers and provided new meanings. For the day and the night, for the warmth and the cold. With new green lands discovered many exotic species were found. The sand desolation made people hungry for words to describe their day to day thoughts and feelings. Throughout the years, the language began to change rapidly to incorporate new meanings, many of them very abstract, never before seen in the Ancient Ašu. Slowly, but steadily, the script grew more and more flexible. Syllables were replaced with an abjad-like alphabet. Symbols were replaced with roots, which now represented the very concept, e.g. eye, see, color would be built from sight.

Such the Ašu died, or as Aškari say, gave birth to the culture they know today.

Characteristic features

General

Ašu was developed in a settled culture, pretty much isolated from other tribes, and hence it did not evolve over the years. Its most characteristic feature was the use of material object-based symbols exclusively. Abstract concepts were not covered and all emotions were thought to come directly from a place within the body. Immaterial objects, such as optical, sound halucinations were denoted by a darkened symbol, e.g. ear - hear/heard, black ear - sound halucination/unknown sound.
More than that, the warm and humid climate of the surrounding rivers made it possible to maintain virtually the same set of plant and animal species throughout the generations. It was then obvious that the symbol of the Suru flower would mean "red, dark forest, near tree", i.e. all features connected with that single plant.

Writing system

Ašu writing is based on pictographs, each carrying a set of properties, conneted to it, e.g. the fruit of a lemon tree will be used to denote:
  • the fruit itself,
  • color of the rind,
  • the sour taste of the flesh
  • the place these trees grow (many plants or animals were specific for a certain area)
Two types of symbols are used: simple and compound. While a single compound symbol cannot be constructed from more than three simple symbols in most cases the meaning can be conveyed by changing the order of the symbols of the compound or by using several compound signs. In all cases the script must abide to the following rules:
  1. Symbols: Use only material objects
  2. Compound signs: Use at most 3 signs to form a compound sign
  3. Simple over compound: Use simple signs when possible, e.g. Kipur tree instead of a sign compound high+needle+plant
  4. Direction: Write from east to west, i.e. left to right

Reading

Symbols

There but two rules that govern the reading of symbols:
  1. Simple is single - simple logographs are always assigned a single syllable
  2. Top to bottom, left to right - compound logographs' reading is constructed from the simple logographs read top to bottom and left to right
Food_in_Asu.jpeg
Food logograph decomposed into simple logographs by Angantyr
For example, a compound symbol for food (šū-ga-mū) consists of three simple logographs: wheat (grain), fruit (grapes) and ox (meat).

Tones

A thing worth remembering when dealing with Ašu is tonality, i.e. each vowel can have 7 variants:
  1. a' - very short and abrupt, as a in atom
  2. a - short a, as u in fun
  3. ā - long a, as a in start
  4. à - falling a, as uh in huh but pronounced with disappointment
  5. ǎ - drop and rise a, as uh in huh, but pronounced with curiosity (hù-úh)
  6. á - rising a, as uh in huh?
  7. â - rise and drop a

Ašu script by Angantyr

Use

Common: yes
Everyday: dead
Ritual: occassional
Tradition: yes


by Angantyr
King Sturgeon (Sturgeon night human)



Hungry_snake_symbol.png
by Angantyr
Hungry snake



by Angantyr
Wind/Blow



Summon_someone_symbol.png
by Angantyr
Summon (Say man come)



by Angantyr
Butterfly/Physical growth/Daily air



by Angantyr
Give away



by Angantyr
Tongue/Taste



Beer_symbol.png
by Angantyr
Beer (Wheat water)




Cover image: Ašu script by Angantyr

Comments

Author's Notes

The story evolved into its own being but the parents are well known. The pictographic character of the writing was strongly influenced by Sumerian culture with the tonal twist on the reading borrowed mainly from Chineese. I'm 99.9% positive that the idea to use detailed pictographs came from the Phaistos Disc.
As Sumerian was slowly overtaken by Akkadian (especially with respect to switching to the cuneiform writing), so was the Ašu culture forced to change into Aškari. Although the drivers for the change were different, in both cases the changes in reading, writing and culture have gone very, very far now. It's almost impossible to reconstruct, especially with no need for it. As their ancestors the Aškari are extremely pragmatic. If something is of no use, they lose interest and discard it.


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Feb 22, 2021 22:17 by TC

This was a great article to read! Reminds me of my classes on dead languages, and it makes me want to learn more. I love that you made clay tablets, they look amazing! And the King Sturgeon tale reads really well too.

Creator of Arda Almayed
Feb 22, 2021 22:40 by Angantyr

Thanks! ^^ I did have fun preparing them and making the story and the script made me aware of the limitations of this type of information storage system.   Classes on dead languages sound great. @__@

Playing around with words and worlds
Feb 24, 2021 20:57 by O4

Fantastic article! I admit I lingered on the translated story to try and learn the Ašu words. Very simply detailed and beautifully designed! I'm already practicing Ašu!


Let us unite against the enemies of Album!
Feb 24, 2021 21:30 by Angantyr

XD I'm glad you like it! Stay tuned for more information and lessons on reading the scripts.

Playing around with words and worlds
Mar 7, 2021 04:08 by Sailing Ocelot

I really like this language article! The story with King Sturgeon was fun and interesting to read (although those tones look very difficult to pronounce! I'm terrible with tones!). Languages can tell us so much about a culture, its modern face and its historical roots! I think your article really drives that idea home. The images supporting this article are also lovely and I like the explanation on the writing system. Nice work :)

~~~~~~~~ SailingOcelot
Mar 9, 2021 09:03 by Angantyr

Thank you so much!   And don't worry about the tones. They are VERY simple, when you think of them in terms of conveying emotions, e.g. the rising tone "á" would be equivalent to "a" in WHAT?!

Playing around with words and worlds